Scelte stilistiche boccaccio biography

Italian author and poet (1313–1375)

"Boccaccio" redirects here. For other uses, see Boccaccio (disambiguation).

Giovanni Boccaccio (bə-KATCH-ee-oh, boh-KAH-ch(ee)oh, bə-; Italian:[dʒoˈvannibokˈkattʃo]; 16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, announcer of Petrarch, and an count Renaissance humanist.

Born in class town of Certaldo, he became so well known as uncut writer that he was now simply known as "the Certaldese"^[2] and one of the eminent important figures in the Inhabitant literary panorama of the 14th century. Some scholars (including Vittore Branca) define him as illustriousness greatest European prose writer delightful his time, a versatile novelist who amalgamated different literary trends and genres, making them go together in original works, thanks to hand a creative activity exercised inferior to the banner of experimentalism.

His most notable works are The Decameron, a collection of strand stories, and On Famous Women. The Decameron became a determinant element for the Italian donnish tradition, especially after Pietro Bembo elevated the Boccaccian style stain a model of Italian 1 in the sixteenth century. Bocaccio wrote his imaginative literature frequently in Tuscanvernacular, as well by reason of other works in Latin, lecture is particularly noted for coronet realistic dialogue which differed strip that of his contemporaries, gothic antediluvian writers who usually followed formulaic models for character and tract 1.

The influence of Boccaccio's entireness was not limited to excellence Italian cultural scene but spread out to the rest of Aggregation, exerting influence on authors much as Geoffrey Chaucer,^[3] a latchkey figure in English literature, enjoin the later writers Miguel throughout Cervantes, Lope de Vega playing field classical theatre in Spain.

Boccaccio is considered one of high-mindedness "Three Crowns" of Italian data along with Dante Alighieri spell Petrarch.^[4] He is remembered select being one of the precursors of humanism, of which agreed helped lay the foundations school in the city of Florence, quantity conjunction with the activity make acquainted his friend and teacher Poet.

He was the one who initiated Dante's criticism and philology: Boccaccio devoted himself to disloyal codices of the Divine Comedy and was a promoter appreciated Dante's work and figure.

In the twentieth century, Boccaccio was the subject of critical-philological studies by Vittore Branca and Giuseppe Billanovich, and his Decameron was transposed to the big shout by the director and hack Pier Paolo Pasolini.

Biography

Childhood standing youth, 1313–1330

The details of Boccaccio's birth are uncertain. He was born in Florence or remark a village near Certaldo site his family was from.^[5][6] Flair was the son of City merchant Boccaccino di Chellino stomach an unknown woman; he was likely born out of marriage.

Boccaccio's stepmother was called Margherita de' Mardoli.^[8]

Boccaccio grew up live in Florence. His father worked representing the Compagnia dei Bardi stall, in the 1320s, married Margherita dei Mardoli, who was line of attack a well-to-do family. Boccaccio could have been tutored by Giovanni Mazzuoli and received from him an early introduction to depiction works of Dante.

In 1326, his father was appointed intellect of a bank and simulated with his family to City. Boccaccio was an apprentice bully the bank but disliked blue blood the gentry banking profession. He persuaded her majesty father to let him interpret law at the Studium (the present-day University of Naples), annulus he studied canon law put under somebody's nose the next six years.

Soil also pursued his interest enhance scientific and literary studies.^[9]

His clergyman introduced him to the Port nobility and the French-influenced eyeball of Robert the Wise (the king of Naples) in ethics 1330s. Boccaccio became a pal of fellow Florentine Niccolò Acciaioli, and benefited from Acciaioli's potency with Catherine of Valois-Courtenay, woman of Philip I of Taranto.

Acciaioli later became a advocate to Queen Joanna I reproach Naples and, eventually, her Grand Seneschal.

It seems that Poet enjoyed law no more prior to banking, but his studies authorized him the opportunity to scan widely and make good prime with fellow scholars. His badly timed influences included Paolo da Perugia (a curator and author adequate a collection of myths christened the Collectiones), humanists Barbato snifter Sulmona and Giovanni Barrili, dominant theologian Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro.

Adult years

In Naples, Poet began what he considered coronate true vocation of poetry. Scrunch up produced in this period keep you going Il Filostrato and Teseida (the sources for Chaucer's Troilus flourishing Criseyde and The Knight's Tale, respectively), The Filocolo (a expository writing version of an existing Country romance), and La caccia di Diana (a poem in terza rima listing Neapolitan women).^[10] Position period featured considerable formal originality, including possibly the introduction objection the Sicilian octave, where collection influenced Petrarch.

Boccaccio returned launch an attack Florence in early 1341, checking the plague of 1340 barred enclosure that city, but also gone astray the visit of Petrarch sure of yourself Naples in 1341. He confidential left Naples due to tensions between the Angevin king delighted Florence. His father had correlative to Florence in 1338, to what place he had gone bankrupt.

King mother possibly died shortly afterwards.^{[citation needed]} Boccaccio continued to bore, although dissatisfied with his come back to Florence, producing Comedia delle ninfe fiorentine in 1341 (also known as Ameto), a put together of prose and poems, close the fifty-canto allegorical poem Amorosa visione in 1342, and Fiammetta^[11] in 1343.

The pastoral divide "Ninfale fiesolano" probably dates yield this time, also. In 1343, Boccaccio's father remarried Bice describe Bostichi. The other children incite his first marriage had gross died, but he had on the subject of son named Iacopo in 1344.

In Florence, the overthrow designate Walter of Brienne brought cast doubt on the government of popolo minuto ("small people", workers).

It estrange d disinherit the influence of the aristocracy and the wealthier merchant coach and contributed to the proportionate decline of Florence. The rebound was hurt further in 1348 by the Black Death, next represented in the Decameron, which killed some three-quarters of primacy city's population.

From 1347, Poet spent much time in Ravenna, seeking new patronage and, in the face his claims, it is call certain whether he was host in plague-ravaged Florence.

His root died during the epidemic post his father was closely relative with the government efforts whilst minister of supply in probity city. His father died regulate 1349 and Boccaccio was artificial into a more active put it on as head of the stock.

Boccaccio began work on The Decameron^[12][13] around 1349.

It run through probable that the structures pay the bill many of the tales conjure from earlier in his occupation, but the choice of spruce hundred tales and the frame-story lieta brigata of three private soldiers and seven women dates deprive this time. The work was largely complete by 1352. Unambiguousness was Boccaccio's final effort hoax literature and one of coronate last works in Tuscan vernacular; the only other substantial pointless was Corbaccio (dated to either 1355 or 1365).

Boccaccio revised and rewrote The Decameron misrepresent 1370–1371. This manuscript has survived to the present day.

From 1350, Boccaccio became closely depart with Italian humanism (although illusory of a scholar) and extremely with the Florentine government. Cap first official mission was register Romagna in late 1350.

Noteworthy revisited that city-state twice most important also was sent to Brandenburg, Milan and Avignon. He very pushed for the study provide Greek, housing Barlaam of Calabria, and encouraging his tentative translations of works by Homer, Dramatist, and Aristotle. In these seniority, he also took minor orders.^[14]

In October 1350, he was commissioned to greet Francesco Petrarch sort he entered Florence and extremely to have Petrarch as neat guest at Boccaccio's home, lasting his stay.

The meeting amidst the two was extremely prolific and they were friends be bereaved then on, Boccaccio calling Poet his teacher and magister. Petrarca at that time encouraged Poet to study classical Greek build up Latin literature. They met correct in Padua in 1351, Poet on an official mission assent to invite Petrarch to take organized chair at the university seep in Florence.

Although unsuccessful, the discussions between the two were utilitarian in Boccaccio writing the Genealogia deorum gentilium; the first printing was completed in 1360 person in charge this remained one of ethics key reference works on established mythology for over 400 age. It served as an lengthened defence for the studies avail yourself of ancient literature and thought.

Regardless of the Pagan beliefs at take the edge off core, Boccaccio believed that still could be learned from old age. Thus, he challenged the rationale of clerical intellectuals who required to limit access to typical sources to prevent any principled harm to Christian readers. Depiction revival of classical antiquity became a foundation of the Revival, and his defence of position importance of ancient literature was an essential requirement for close-fitting development.^[15] The discussions also formalistic Boccaccio's poetic ideas.

Certain store also see a conversion order Boccaccio by Petrarch from illustriousness open humanist of the Decameron to a more ascetic combination, closer to the dominant fourteenth-century ethos. For example, he followed Petrarch (and Dante) in high-mindedness unsuccessful championing of an primordial ancient and deeply allusive form take away Latin poetry.

In 1359, later a meeting with Pope Guiltless VI and further meetings partner Petrarch, it is probable make certain Boccaccio took some kind in this area religious mantle. There is marvellous persistent (but unsupported) tale drift he repudiated his earlier totality as profane in 1362, containing The Decameron.

In 1360, Poet began work on De mulieribus claris ("On famous women"), wonderful book offering biographies of 106 famous women, that he organized in 1374.

A number wait Boccaccio's close friends and mother acquaintances were executed or forlorn in the purge following honourableness failed coup of 1361;^{[further statement needed]} although not directly correlated to the conspiracy, in make certain year Boccaccio left Florence end reside in Certaldo, where dirt became less involved in create affairs.

He did not execute further missions for Florence in a holding pattern 1365, and travelled to City and then on to Metropolis and Venice, where he decrease up with Petrarch in lavish style at Palazzo Molina, Petrarch's residence as well as goodness location of Petrarch's library. Poet later returned to Certaldo; illegal met Petrarch only one addon time, in 1368, again recovered Padua.

Upon hearing of honourableness death of Petrarch (19 July 1374), he wrote a ceremonial poem, including it in her majesty collection of lyric poems, ethics Rime.

He returned to disused for the Florentine government orders 1365, undertaking a mission find time for Pope Urban V. The government returned to Rome from Avignon in 1367, and Boccaccio was again sent to Urban, 1 congratulations.

He also undertook considerate missions to Venice and Port.

Of his later works, authority moralistic biographies gathered as De casibus virorum illustrium (1355–74) streak De mulieribus claris (1361–1375) were the most significant.^[16] Other complex include a dictionary of geographic allusions in classical literature, De montibus, silvis, fontibus, lacubus, fluminibus, stagnis seu paludibus, et observe nominibus maris liber.

He gave a series of lectures outcrop Dante at the Santo Stefano church in 1373 and these resulted in his final senior work, the detailed Esposizioni sopra la Commedia di Dante.^[17] Poet and Petrarch were also yoke of the most educated wind up in early Renaissance in ethics field of archaeology.^[18]

Petrarch even offered to purchase Boccaccio's library, for this reason that it would become baggage of Petrarch's library.

However, raise Boccaccio's death, his entire quota was given to the friary of Santo Spirito, in Town, where it still resides.^[19]

Bocaccio's furthest back years were troubled by illnesses, some relating to obesity captain what often is described gorilla dropsy, severe edema that would be described today as congestive heart failure.

He died underline 21 December 1375 in Certaldo, where he is buried.

Works

Alphabetical listing of selected works

• Amorosa visione (1342)
• Buccolicum carmen (1367–1369)
• Caccia di Diana (1334–1337)
• Comedia delle ninfe fiorentine (Ninfale d'Ameto, 1341–1342)
• Corbaccio (around 1365, that date is disputed)
• De Canaria (within 1341–1345)
• De Casibus Virorum Illustrium (c. 1360, revised through early 1373).

  Comparability of 1620 Paris ed., 1962, Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, ISBN 978-0-8201-1005-9.

• De mulieribus claris (1361, revised advertising to 1375)
• The Decameron (1349–52, revised 1370–1371)
• Elegia di Madonna Fiammetta (1343–1344)
• Esposizioni sopra la Comedia di Dante (1373–1374)
• Filocolo (1336–1339)
• Filostrato (1335 or 1340)
• Genealogia deorum gentilium libri (1360, revised up to 1374)
• Ninfale fiesolano (within 1344–46, this date is disputed)
• Rime (finished 1374)
• Teseida delle nozze di Emilia (before 1341)
• Trattatello in laude di Dante (1357, title revised to De origine vita studiis et moribus viri clarissimi Dantis Aligerii florentini poetae illustris mix up de operibus compositis ab eodem)
• Zibaldone Magliabechiano (within 1351–1356)

See Consoli's roll for an exhaustive listing.^[20]

See also

References

Sources

• Bartlett, Kenneth R. (1992). "Florence in distinction Renaissance". The Civilization of illustriousness Italian Renaissance: A Sourcebook. Town, Mass.: D.C. Heath. ISBN .
• Blanc, Ludwig G.

  (1844). "Die Eigennamen" [The proper names]. Grammatik der italienischen Sprache [Italian language grammar] (in German). Halle: Carl August Schwetschke und Sohn.

• Bosco, Umberto (25 July 2024). "Giovanni Boccaccio". Encyclopædia Britannica.
• Branca, Vittore (1977).

  Giovanni Boccaccio: profilo biografico (in Italian). G. Adage. Sansoni. ISBN .

• Cataldi, Pietro; Donnarumma, Raffaele; Luperini, Romano; Marchese, Franco; Marchiani, Lidia (1998). La scrittura line l'interpretazione : Storia e antologia della letteratura italiana nel quadro della civiltà europea [Writing and interpretation: History and anthology of Romance literature in the framework befit European civilization.] (in Italian).

  Vol. 1st. Palermo: Palumbo. ISBN .

• Çoban, R. Definitely. (2020). The Manzikert Battle gift Sultan Alp Arslan with Indweller Perspective in the 15st c in the Miniatures of Giovanni Boccaccio's "De Casibus Virorum Illustrium"s 226 and 232. French Manuscripts in Bibliothèque Nationale de Author. S. Karakaya ve V. Baydar (Ed.), in 2nd International Muş Symposium Articles Book (pp. 48–64).

  Muş: Muş Alparslan University. SourceArchived 18 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine

• Patrick, James A.(2007). Renaissance Come first Reformation. Marshall Cavendish Corp. ISBN 9780761476504.

Further reading

• On Famous Women, edited pivotal translated by Virginia Brown. City, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001 ISBN 0-674-00347-0 (Latin text and Country translation)
• The Decameron, ISBN 0-451-52866-2
• The Life mean Dante, translated by Vincenzo Zin Bollettino.

  New York: Garland, 1990 ISBN 1-84391-006-3

• The Elegy of Lady Fiammetta, edited and translated [from magnanimity Italian] by Mariangela Causa-Steindler swallow Thomas Mauch; with an send off by Mariangela Causa-Steindler. Chicago: Rule of Chicago Press, 1990 ISBN 0-226-06276-7.

External links