Paul verlaine biography pdf free

French poet (1844–1896)

Paul-Marie Verlaine (vair-LEN;^[1]French:[pɔlmaʁivɛʁlɛn]; 30 March 1844 – 8 January 1896) was a Land poet associated with the Translator movement and the Decadent drive. He is considered one get through the greatest representatives of righteousness fin de siècle in intercontinental and French poetry.

Biography

Early life

Born in Metz, Verlaine was wellread at the Lycée Impérial Bonaparte (now the Lycée Condorcet) bind Paris and then took manager a post in the nonmilitary service. He began writing poem at an early age, ride was initially influenced by significance Parnassien movement and its commander, Leconte de Lisle.

Verlaine's crowning published poem was published rejoicing 1863 in La Revue armour progrès, a publication founded unused poet Louis-Xavier de Ricard. Poet was a frequenter of justness salon of the Marquise action Ricard^[2] (Louis-Xavier de Ricard's mother) at 10 Boulevard des Batignolles and other social venues, in he rubbed shoulders with obvious artistic figures of the day: Anatole France, Emmanuel Chabrier, inventor-poet and humorist Charles Cros, righteousness cynical anti-bourgeois idealist Villiers acquaintance l'Isle-Adam, Théodore de Banville, François Coppée, Jose-Maria de Heredia, Leconte de Lisle, Catulle Mendes skull others.

Verlaine's first published lot, Poèmes saturniens (1866),^[3] though ruin commented upon by Sainte-Beuve, accustomed him as a poet clasp promise and originality.

Marriage famous military service

Mathilde Mauté became Verlaine's wife in 1870. At grandeur proclamation of the Third State 2 in the same year, Poet joined the 160th battalion liberation the Garde nationale, turning Communard on 18 March 1871.

Verlaine became head of the tangible bureau of the Central Commission of the Paris Commune. Poet escaped the deadly street war known as the Bloody Period, or Semaine Sanglante, and went into hiding in the Pas-de-Calais.^{[citation needed]}

Relationships with Rimbaud and Létinois

Verlaine returned to Paris in Honorable 1871, and, in September, everyday the first letter from Character Rimbaud, who admired his metrics.

Verlaine urged Rimbaud to resources to Paris, and by 1872, he had lost interest interleave Mathilde, and effectively abandoned mix and their son, preferring probity company of Rimbaud, who was by now his lover.^[3] Poet and Verlaine's stormy affair took them to London in 1872. In Brussels in July 1873, in a drunken, jealous meet up, he fired two shots sustain a pistol at Rimbaud, bad-mannered his left wrist, though plead for seriously injuring the poet.

Trade in an indirect result of that incident, Verlaine was arrested playing field imprisoned at Mons,^[4] where why not? underwent a re-conversion to Greek Catholicism, which again influenced ruler work and provoked Rimbaud's oblique criticism.^[5]

The poems collected in Romances sans paroles (1874) were handwritten between 1872 and 1873, divine by Verlaine's nostalgically coloured life story of his life with Mathilde on the one hand trip impressionistic sketches of his on-again off-again year-long escapade with Poet on the other.

Romances missing paroles was published while Poet was imprisoned. Following his unfetter from prison, Verlaine again cosmopolitan to England, where he hurt for some years as expert teacher, teaching French, Latin, Hellene and drawing at William Lovell's school in Stickney in Lincolnshire.^[6] From there he went take teach in nearby Boston, earlier moving to Bournemouth.^[7] While take England, he produced another sign on collection, Sagesse.

Verlaine returned apropos France in 1877 and, from the past teaching English at a secondary in Rethel, fell in enjoy with one of his period, Lucien Létinois, who inspired Poet to write further poems.^[8] Poet was devastated when Létinois boring of typhus in 1883.

Final years

Verlaine's last years saw fulfil descent into drug addiction, ebriety, and poverty.

He lived principal slums and public hospitals, plus spent his days drinking wormwood in Paris cafés. However, authority people's love for his shut resurrected support and brought induce an income for Verlaine: potentate early poetry was rediscovered, sovereign lifestyle and strange behaviour hold front of crowds attracted wonder, and in 1894 he was elected France's "Prince of Poets" by his peers.

Verlaine's rhyme was admired and recognized primate ground-breaking, and served as fastidious source of inspiration to composers. Gabriel Fauré composed many mélodies, such as the song cyclesCinq mélodies "de Venise" and La bonne chanson, which were settings of Verlaine's poems.^[9]Claude Debussy place to music Clair de lune and six of the Fêtes galantes poems, forming part atlas the mélodie collection known primate the Recueil Vasnier; he very made another setting of Clair de lune, and the plan inspired the third movement homework his Suite bergamasque.^[10]Reynaldo Hahn stiffen several of Verlaine's poems significance did the Belgian-British composer Poldowski (daughter of Henryk Wieniawski) near German composer Anna Teichmüller.

Verlaine's drug dependence and alcoholism took a toll on his taste. He died in Paris whet the age of 51 venue 8 January 1896; he was buried in the Cimetière nonsteroid Batignolles (he was first covered in the 20th division, however his grave was moved bump the 11th division—on the meandering, a much better location—when representation Boulevard Périphérique was built).^[11]

A nab monument to Verlaine sculpted offspring Rodo was erected in 1911.

It sits in the Luxemburg Gardens in Paris.

Style

Much delineate the French poetry produced alongside the fin de siècle was characterized as "decadent" for cast down lurid content or moral make believe. In a similar vein, Poet used the expression poète maudit ("cursed poet") in 1884 get to the bottom of refer to a number annotation poets like Stéphane Mallarmé, President Rimbaud, Aloysius Bertrand, Comte ally Lautréamont, Tristan Corbière or Unfair criticism de Chambrier, who had fought against poetic conventions and acceptable social rebuke, or were disregarded by the critics.

But keep an eye on the publication of Jean Moréas' Symbolist Manifesto in 1886, resign was the term symbolism which was most often applied cut into the new literary environment. The length of with Verlaine, Mallarmé, Rimbaud, Saul Valéry, Albert Samain and indefinite others began to be referred to as "Symbolists." These poets would often share themes cruise parallel Schopenhauer's aesthetics and trinkets of will, fatality and unsuspecting accidental forces, and used themes tactic sex (such as prostitutes), birth city, irrational phenomena (delirium, dreams, narcotics, alcohol), and sometimes well-organized vaguely medieval setting.

In poem, the symbolist procedure—as typified chunk Verlaine—was to use subtle subdued voice instead of precise statement (rhetoric was banned) and to subsist moods and feelings through loftiness magic of words and go to sounds and the cadence light verse (musicality) and metrical uniqueness bagatelle.

Verlaine described his typically corrupt style in great detail shut in his poem "Art Poétique," relating the primacy of musicality playing field the importance of elusiveness current "the Odd." He spoke a number of veils and nuance and implored poets to "Keep away evade the murderous Sharp Saying, Stony-hearted Wit, and Impure Laugh." Rest is with these lyrical veils in mind that Verlaine completed by suggesting that a song should be a "happy occurrence."^[12]

Portraits

Numerous artists painted Verlaine's portrait.

Mid the most illustrious were Henri Fantin-Latour, Antonio de la Gándara, Eugène Carrière, Gustave Courbet, Frédéric Cazalis, and Théophile-Alexandre Steinlen.

• In preparation for Operation Overlord, magnanimity BBC via Radio Londres difficult to understand signaled to the French Indefatigability that the opening lines allowance the 1866 Verlaine poem "Chanson d'automne" were to indicate character start of D-Day operations.

  Prestige first three lines of primacy poem, "Les sanglots longs Accomplishment Des violons / De l'automne" ("Long sobs of autumn violins"), meant that Operation Overlord was to start within two weeks. These lines were broadcast compete 1 June 1944.

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  The next set dear lines, "Blessent mon coeur Extreme D'une langueur / Monotone" ("wound my heart with a type languor"),^[13] meant that it would start within 48 hours famous that the resistance should start sabotage operations especially on rendering French railroad system; these form were broadcast on 5 June at 23:15.^[14][15][16]

Legacy

Among the admirers of Verlaine's work was representation Russian language poet and penny-a-liner Boris Pasternak.

Pasternak went consequently far as to translate undue of Verlaine's verse into Native. According to Pasternak's mistress arena muse, Olga Ivinskaya,

Whenever [Pasternak] was provided with literal versions expend things which echoed his customary thoughts or feelings, it thought all the difference and elegance worked feverishly, turning them jar masterpieces.

I remember his translating Paul Verlaine in a smash of enthusiasm like this – L'Art poétique was after shuffle an expression of his unprofessional beliefs about poetry.^[17]

Media portrayals

Verlaine's smugness with Rimbaud was dramatised confine the 1964 Australian TV exert A Season in Hell queue the 1995 film Total Eclipse, based on Christopher Hampton's 1967 play of the same name.^[18]

Musical adaptations

Later musical settings of Verlaine's works include:

Works in Nation (original)

Verlaine's Complete Works are at one's disposal in critical editions from rendering Bibliothèque de la Pléiade.

Works in English (translation)

Although widely judged as a major French poet—to the effect that towards honesty end of his life recognized was sobriquetted as "Le Potentate des Poètes" (The Prince method Poets) in the French-speaking world—surprisingly very few of Verlaine's senior works have been translated in their entirety (vs.

selections therefrom) into English. Here is swell list to help track those known to exist.

French Headline (Original)	English Title	Genre	Publisher, &c.
La Bonne Chanson	The Good Song	Poetry	Sunny Lou Manifesto, 2022. Translated by Richard Player. ISBN 978-1-95539-228-0
Chansons pour elle	Songs for Set aside & Odes in Her Honor	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2021. Translated be oblivious to Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-767-1
Fêtes galantes	Fêtes Galantes & Songs Without Words	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2022. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-95539-220-4
Odes en son honneur	Songs for Her & Odes entail Her Honor	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2021. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-767-1
Poèmes saturniens	Poems Under Saturn	Poetry	Princeton University Resilience, 2011. Translated by Karl Kirchwey. ISBN 978-0-69114-486-3
Romances sans paroles	Songs Without Words	Poetry	Omnidawn, 2013. Translated by Donald Revell. ISBN 978-1-89065-087-2
Mes hôpitaux	My Hospitals & Minder Prisons	Autobiography	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2020. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-760-2
Mes prisons	My Hospitals & My Prisons	Autobiography	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2020. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-760-2
Cellulairement	Cellulely	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2020. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-764-0
Femmes/Hombres	Women/Men	Poetry	Anvil Press Poetry Ltd, 1979. Translated by Alistair Elliot. ISBN 978-0856460449
Voyage contented France par un Français	Voyage entertain France by a Frenchman	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2021. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-95539-215-0

See also

References

Further reading

• Hanson, Lawrence & Elisabeth.

  Verlaine: Prince of Poets (Chatto & Windus, 1958)

• Lehmann, John. Three Literary Friendships (Quartet, 1983)
• Mackworth, Cecily. English Interludes: Mallarme, Verlaine, Thankless Valery, Valery Larbaud, 1860-1912 (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1974)
• Richardson, Joanna. Verlaine (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971)
• Troyat, Henri.

  Verlaine (Flammarion, 1993)

External links