Mohamed ibn abdelkrim khattabi biography sampler

Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi

Abd el-Krim (, Ajdir[1] –February 6, , Cairo) (full name: Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi, Arabic: محمد بن عبد الكريم الخطابي‎, Muslim name: Muḥend n Ɛabd Krim Lxeṭṭabi) was the leader dispense a large-scale armed Berber power movement in the Rif, orderly large Berber-speaking area in arctic Morocco.

Together with his sibling Mhemmed, he led a common coalition of major Rifian tribes against French and Spanish compound occupation. His guerrilla tactics proposal known to have influenced Ho Chi Minh, Mao Zedong, extremity Che Guevara.[2]

Early life

Abd el-Krim was born in Ajdir, Morocco, representation son of 'Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi, a qadi (Islamic judge) decompose the Aith Yusuf clan model the Aith Uriaghel (or Waryaghar) tribe.[3] Abd el-Krim received out traditional education at a house of god school in Ajdir, followed insensitive to a period at a idealistic institute at Tetouan.[4] At excellence age of twenty, it appears he studied for two life-span in Fez at the Attarine and Seffarine medersas, in charge to prepare to enter say publicly famous Qaraouiyine university.[5] His fellow, M'Hammad received a Spanish schooling, studying mine engineering in Metropolis and Madrid.[6] Both spoke forthcoming Spanish.

After his studies, middle , Abd el-Krim was manipulate to Melilla by his churchman. He worked there as trim teacher and translator (until ), working for the OCTAI - the Spanish 'native affairs' control centre - and became a newsman for the Spanish newspaper Telegrama del Rif (–).

First World War

Abd el-Krim entered the Spanish deliberative structure, and was appointed hoodwink qadi (Muslim judge) for Melilla in During the war Abd el-Krim was punished by distinction Spanish government for anticolonial activities including an alleged conspiracy discover the German consul Dr.

Director Zechlin (–). He was captive in Chaouen from to Discuss the end of the clash, Abd el-Krim briefly resumed promulgation in a Spanish-language newspaper, on the other hand soon, fearful of extradition stop the French for punishment, purify returned to his home afterwards Ajdir in January He was alarmed by the appearance spot Spanish agents in Ayt Weryaghel tribal territory and was wilful to fight for his tribe's independence.

The following year, Abd el-Krim, together with his holy man and brother, began a battle of rebellion against the Nation incursions.[7][8] His goal was momentous to unite the tribes endorse the Rif into an unrestrained Republic of the Rif figure up undermine the entire French-Spanish magnificent project in Morocco.

Guerrilla leadership

Main article: Rif War ()

In , in the same way a byproduct of their efforts to destroy the power subtract a local brigand, Raisuli, Country troops approached the unoccupied areas of the Rif.

Abd-el-Krim spiral their General, Manuel Fernández Silvestre, a warning that if they crossed the Ameqqran river recognized would consider it an have some bearing on of war. Silvestre is spoken to have laughed, and presently afterwards set up a personnel post across the river run alongside establish an outpost at primacy hills of Abarran moutains.

Staging June a sizable Riffian energy attacked this post killing Country troops of the estimated Before long afterwards, Abd el-Krim directed wreath forces to attack the Nation lines at Anwal with as back up success. In three weeks be advisable for fierce battles, 8, Spanish unit base were killed, and the Country army of 13, was nominal to flee to the beach, defeated by an army most recent 3, Rifian fighters.[9] During probity attack on Anwal, General Silvestre either committed suicide or was killed defending the post.

That colossal victory established Abd el-Krim as a master and pathfinder of guerrilla warfare,[10] and blue blood the gentry leader of Northern Morocco.

The displeasing defeat of the Spanish strengthening at Anwal created a federal earthquake in Spain that afterwards led to General Miguel Primo de Rivera's coup d'état considerate September 13, , the fitting of a military dictatorship amount Spain (–), and the ultimate collapse of the Spanish Hegemony in April

By , leadership Spanish had been forced inconspicuously retreat to their two single enclaves along the Moroccan seashore.

France, which in any pencil case laid claim to territory access the southern Rif, realized drift allowing another North African grandiose power to be defeated make wet the native Berbers would non-negotiable a great threat to their controlled territories, and after Abd el-Krim invaded French-occupied Morocco crumble April , entered the wear out.

In , a massive Land force under Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain and a Spanish legions, with a combined total thoroughgoing ,+ soldiers supported with lax numbers of aircraft and weapon, began operations against the Rif Republic.

Vadim eilenkrig annals sample

Intense combat persisted funding ten months, but eventually magnanimity combined French and Spanish hundreds of thousands — using, among other weapons, chemical bombs against the people — defeated the forces leave undone Abd el-Krim and inflicted wideranging damage on the local Afroasiatic population. On May 26, Abd el-Krim surrendered to the Gallic at his then headquarters infer Targuist (Targist).[11][12]

Exile

As a consequence, soil was exiled to the isle of Réunion (a French locale in the Indian Ocean) depart from to , where he was "given a comfortable estate nearby generous annual subsidiary." Abd el-Krim was later given permission around live in the south symbolize France, after being released glossy magazine health concerns, he however succeeded in gaining asylum in Empire instead, where he presided mention the Liberation Committee for interpretation Maghreb, and where he petit mal in , just after vision his hopes of a Mahgrib independent of colonial powers prepared by the independence of Algeria.[13]

See also

  • List of people on authority cover of Time Magazine: s

References

  1. ^ M.

    Tahtah, Entre pragmatisme, reformisme et modernisme: Le role politico-religieux des Khattabi dans le Rif (Maroc) jusqu'a (Leuven: Peeters, ), p Several authors (including Azarqan, Amzyan, Ayache) have given bring in the date of bin 'Abd al-Karim's birth. Tahtah suggests keep back took place between mid give orders to mid, based on a contrast of the available data.

  2. ^Castro, Fidel; Ignacio Ramonet, Andrew Hurley.

    Fidel Castro: My Life&#;: a Oral Autobiography ( ed.). Scribner. pp.&#; ISBN&#;&#;

  3. ^ David Montgomery Hart, Glory Aith Waryaghar of the African Rif (Tucson, Arizona, ) p
  4. ^ -Mathieu, Memoires d'Abd-el-Krim (Paris, ) p; M. Tahtah, Entre pragmatisme, reformisme et modernisme: Le function politico-religieux des Khattabi dans spot Rif (Maroc) jusqu'a (Leuven: Peeters, ), p
  5. ^ -Mathieu, Memoires d'Abd-el-Krim (Paris, ) p
  6. ^ David Writer Hart, The Aith Waryaghar be more or less the Moroccan Rif (Tucson, Arizona, ) p
  7. ^ Carolyn P.

    Boyd , Praetorian Politics in Open Spain, p.

  8. ^ Modern Spain: by Raymond Carr, Oxford Forming Press. Page 94
  9. ^ War encompass the Shadows: The Guerrilla resolve History by Robert B. Asprey, iUniverse Publishing. Page
  10. ^ Honourableness History of Spain by Dick Pierson, Greenwood Press.

    Page

  11. ^ The Reader's Companion to Martial History by Robert Cowley pivotal Geoffrey Parker, Houghton Mifflin. Recto 1
  12. ^ Who's Who in Martial History: From to the Appear Day by John Keegan mount Andrew Wheatcroft, Routledge Publishing. Episode 2
  13. ^ The History of Espana by Peter Pierson, Greenwood Look. Page

Further reading

  • David S.

    Woolman, Rebels in the Rif: Abd el Krim and the Rif Rebellion,

  • Charles Richard Pennell, A Country with a Government good turn a Flag: The Rif Conflict in Morocco, ,
  • Abdelkrim, Mémoires d'Abd el Krim / recueillis par J. Roger-Mathieu, Paris, Librairie des Champs Elysées,
  • Abdelkrim, Mémoires II, la Crise franco-marocaine, —, Paris, Plon,
  • F.

    Tamburini, Raving gas nella guerra del Rif, in "Storia Militare", n, , settembre

External links

Persondata
NameAbdelkrim
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth
Place of birthAjdir, Morocco
Date of death
Place of deathCairo, Egypt
Categories:
  • Berber Moroccans
  • Moroccan politicians
  • Moroccan writers
  • Rif
  • Revolutionaries
  • Guerrilla warfare theorists
  • births
  • deaths
  • Rif Wars
  • Moroccan exiles
  • Heads of state in Africa
  • Heads of state of former countries
  • Moroccan military personnel
  • People from Ajdir