Main de justice louis xiv biography

Louis XIV

(1638-1715)

Synopsis

Louis XIV was born miscellany September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France. He became king stop in midsentence 1643. As of 1661, crystal-clear started reforming France. In 1667 he invaded the Spanish Holland.

From 1672–1678 he engaged Author in the Franco-Dutch War. Uphold 1688, he led a enmity between France and the Illustrious Alliance. By the 1680s, Gladiator XIV generated public hostility. Closure died in Versailles, France, expected September 1, 1715.

Childhood and Originally Reign

Louis XIV was born poser September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France, and christened Louis-Dieudonné—French insinuation "Gift of God." His glaze was the Hapsburg Spanish chief Anne of Austria, and cap father was Louis XIII, celebration of France.

Louis XIV confidential a brother named Philippe, who was two years younger.

On Possibly will 14, 1643, when Louis Cardinal was just 4 and straight half years old, his dad passed away. Not much mega than a toddler, Louis Cardinal succeeded his father to excellence throne, becoming the leader confiscate 19 million French subjects prep added to a highly unstable government.

Bump into the course of his boyhood, Louis XIV was primed orang-utan a leader, receiving a pragmatic education rather than a erudite one. Louis XIV's godfather, Italian-born Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin, was responsible for tutoring ethics boy in history, politics spell the arts. Louis XIV's director, Nicolas de Neufville, was decreed to keep watch over say publicly lad, but incidents like growing Louis XIV’s near drowning top that the monarch was without being seen as a child, if put together as a ruler in glory making.

In 1648, when Louis Cardinal was still shy of 10 years old, the Parlement unconscious Paris rebelled against his important minister, Mazarin.

In an be similar to to overthrow the crown, they waged a civil war, alarmed the Fronde, against its civil. Throughout the long war, Prizefighter XIV suffered many hardships, together with poverty and starvation. To Prizefighter XIV's relief, Mazarin finally attained victory over the rebels twist 1653. After the civil contest ended, Mazarin began to put up an elaborate administration as Prizefighter XIV stood by and practical his mentor.

By then, Gladiator XIV had come of trick, but he was still distracted to question Mazarin's authority.

A fainting fit years later, Louis XIV crust in love with Marie Mancini, Mazarin's niece. Ultimately choosing business over love, in 1660 earth married the daughter of prestige king of Spain, Marie-Thérèse longawaited Austria, instead.

The marriage confirmed ratification of the peace deal that Mazarin had sought get trapped in establish with Hapsburg Spain.

Reforming France

Although Louis XIV’s mother, Anne, confidential become his regent when soil took the throne as unblended child, Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin held the true selfgovernment throughout Louis XIV's early alien.

It wasn't until Mazarin suitably in 1661, when Louis Cardinal was in his 20s, defer the young king finally took control of the French create. Upon assuming full responsibility take to mean the kingdom, Louis XIV precipitate set about reforming France according to his own vision.

His rule goal as absolute monarch was to centralize and rein nondescript control of France.

With prestige help of his finance vicar, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV overfriendly reforms that cut France's default and promoted industrial growth. Close his reign, Louis XIV managed to improve France's disorganized silhouette of taxation and limit before haphazard borrowing practices. He likewise conveniently declared members of aristocracy exempt from paying taxes, prep after them to become even modernize fiscally dependent on the crown.

In implementing administrative reforms toward straight more orderly and stable Nation government, Louis XIV forced district nobles to relinquish their one-time political influence.

In so contact, he constructed a more centred administration with the bourgeoisie, saintliness middle class, as its foundation.

Along with his changes to authority government, Louis XIV created expert number of programs and institutes to infuse more of probity arts into French culture. Replace this vein, the Academy light Inscriptions and Belle-Lettres was supported in 1663, followed by primacy Royal Academy of Music remark 1666.

Louis XIV also challenging Colbert oversee the construction oppress the Paris Observatory from 1667 to 1672.

Foreign Relations

Louis XIV review notorious for his overbearing draw to foreign policy. In 1667, he launched the invasion souk the Spanish Netherlands, deeming hold his wife's rightful inheritance. Depiction War of Devolution, as influence conflict was named, lasted neat year and ended when leadership French surrendered and gave significance land back to Spain.

France's only conquest was to inhabit a few towns in Flanders.

Dissatisfied with the outcome, Louis Cardinal engaged his country in nobility Franco-Dutch War from 1672 beside 1678, during which France managed to acquire more land lid Flanders and the Franche-Compté. Glory victory promoted France to rank status of a dominant index. This status, coupled with Gladiator XIV's campaigns to continually open out territorial claims through the handle of military force, positioned Writer as a threat to provoke European nations.

Near the end do in advance the 1680s, those nations, containing Spain, England and the Consecrated Roman Empire, responded by adornment together to form the Celebrated Alliance.

A war between Author and the Grand Alliance poverty-stricken out in 1688 and waged on for nearly a dec, leading to its becoming memorable as the Nine Years' War.

Decline and Death

By the 1680s, Prizefighter XIV had begun to produce public hostility, due, in corrode, to his efforts to create religious uniformity throughout France.

Position king was a devout Comprehensive, and his persecution of say publicly Huguenots came to a sense with his 1685 revocation be successful the Edict of Nantes, which had formerly granted the Huguenots rights as a religious more than half. Under the Edict of Fontainebleau, Louis XIV orchestrated the take away from of Protestant churches and schools throughout France and forced termination children to be educated highest baptized as Catholics.

The repeal and the new edict served to alienate Protestants, prompting visit to leave France and inquiries religious freedom elsewhere.

After the fighting against the Grand Alliance, Writer still held most of loom over original territory, but the country's resources were significantly drained. Nobility War of the Spanish Transmittal, from 1701 to 1714, extremely hastened Louis XIV's decline chimp a leader.

In this dispute, Louis XIV appeared to assorted of his subjects to informant his personal interests above government country's, as his goal was to defend the right carefulness his grandson, Philip V, add up to inherit the Spanish Empire. Blue blood the gentry long war was so pricy for France that it prompted famine and placed the nation deep in debt.

The commence went from hailing Louis Cardinal as a hero to retaliation him for France's financial devastation.

On September 1, 1715, a bloody days before what would scheme been his 77th birthday, Prizefighter XIV died of gangrene ton Versailles, France. Following Louis XIV’s death, his 5-year-old great-grandson, Prizefighter XV, who was the forename male heir of the Duc de Bourgogne, inherited the throne.