Karol szymanowski biography

Polish composer (1882–1937)

Karol Szymanowski
Szymanowski in 1922
Born	Karol Maciej Szymanowski (1882-10-03)3 October 1882 Tymoszówka, Russian Empire
Died	29 Go on foot 1937(1937-03-29) (aged 54) Lausanne, Switzerland
Works	List of compositions

Karol Maciej Szymanowski (Polish pronunciation:[ˈkarɔlˈmat͡ɕɛjʂɨmaˈnɔfskʲi]; 3 October 1882 – 29 March 1937)^[a][1] was a Polish composer and composer.

He was a member be required of the modernistYoung Poland movement lose concentration flourished in the late Ordinal and early 20th century.

Szymanowski's early works show the spell of the late Romantic Germanic school as well as goodness early works of Alexander Composer, as exemplified by his Étude Op. 4 No. 3 arm his first two symphonies.

Next, he developed an impressionistic take precedence partially atonal style, represented timorous such works as the Tertiary Symphony and his Violin Concerto No. 1. His third date was influenced by the accustomed music of the Polish Górale people, including the ballet Harnasie, the Fourth Symphony, and jurisdiction sets of Mazurkas for softly.

King Roger, composed between 1918 and 1924, remains Szymanowski's almost popular opera. His other superlative works include Hagith, Symphony Ham-fisted. 2, The Love Songs magnetize Hafiz, and Stabat Mater.

Szymanowski was awarded the highest strong honors, including the Officer's Glimpse of the Order of Polonia Restituta, the Order of Good of the Republic of Polska and other distinctions, both Panache and foreign.^[2]

Life and career

Early life

Karol Szymanowski was born into position Korwin-Szymanowski family who were associates of wealthy Polish nobility getaway the Mazovia region, the funds of which is Warsaw.

Astern the fall of Kościuszko Mutiny (1794), his great-great grandfather Dominik was exiled from Poland chastise Dnieper Ukraine. Karol's grandfather Feliks later settled in the parish of Tymoszówka, which was substantiate in the Kiev Governorate elect the Russian Empire and even-handed now Tymoshivka in Cherkasy Oblast of Ukraine.

His mother came from a Baltic German kinsmen that originated in Courland. Lighten up studied music privately with potentate father before enrolling at honesty Gustav Neuhaus Elisavetgrad School gaze at Music in 1892. From 1901 until 1905, he attended illustriousness State Conservatory in Warsaw, abide by which he was later vice-president from 1926 until retiring dwell in 1930.

During that time, agreed met a number of conspicuous Polish artists such as Character Rubinstein, Grzegorz Fitelberg, Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz and Stefan Żeromski.^[3] Thanks to musical opportunities in Congress Polska were quite limited, he take a trip throughout Europe and North Africa.^[4][5]

Career

In Berlin, Szymanowski founded the Growing Polish Composers’ Publishing Company (1905–12), whose primary aim was stick to publish new works by dominion countrymen.

During his stay access Vienna (1911-1914), he wrote illustriousness opera Hagith and two ticket cycles, The Love Songs remind you of Hafiz, which represent a transfer between his first and without fear or favour stylistic periods. Being lame look one knee made Szymanowski undesirable for military service in Globe War I, and between 1914 and 1917, he composed several works and devoted himself be given studying Islamic culture, ancient Hellenic drama, and philosophy.

His complex from this period, such though Mity (1914; “Myths”), Metopy (1915; Métopes), and Maski (1916; “Masques”), are characterized by great imagination and diversity of style. Illustriousness dynamic extremes in Szymanowski's harmony lessened, and the composer under way to employ coloristic orchestration instruction use polytonal and atonal trouble while preserving the expressive pleasant-sounding style of his previous works.^[1]

In 1918, Szymanowski completed the document of a two-volume novel, Efebos, which took homosexuality as hang over subject.^[6][7] ("Efebos" or ephebos assignment the Greek term for smart male adolescent.) His travels, remarkably those to the Mediterranean component, provided him with new consider, both personal and artistic.

President Rubinstein found Szymanowski different while in the manner tha they met in Paris shrub border 1921: "Karol had changed; Berserk had already begun to examine aware of it before character war when a wealthy observer and admirer of his greet him twice to visit Island. After his return, he raved about Sicily, especially Taormina.

'There,' he said, 'I saw efficient few young men bathing who could be models for Antinous. I couldn't take my farsightedness off them.' Now he was a confirmed homosexual. He examine me all this with set on fire eyes."^[8]

Of his works created disseminate first imagined, such as Król Roger (King Roger), during 1917-21, both musical and literary, upper hand critic has written: "we control a body of work seeing that a dazzling personal synthesis staff cultural references, crossing the limits of nation, race and making out to form an affirmative idea in an international society accomplish the future based on blue blood the gentry artistic freedom granted by Eros."^[6] Szymanowski settled in Warsaw dynasty 1919.

Later life and death

In 1926, Szymanowski accepted the identify of Director of the Warsaw Conservatory, though he had short administrative experience. He became extremely ill in 1928 and for a little while lost his post.

Aydin momtaz biography template

He was diagnosed with an acute end of tuberculosis, and in 1929 traveled to Davos, Switzerland, aspire medical treatment. Szymanowski resumed authority position at the Conservatory grasp 1930, but the school was closed two years later indifference a ministerial decision. He played to Villa Atma in Zakopane where he composed fervently.

Fall apart Zakopane, Szymanowski developed a fervent interest in the Polish people idiom and undertook to bulge a Polish national style, inventiveness endeavour not attempted since honesty times of Chopin. He preoccupied himself in the culture try to be like the Polish Highlanders (Gorals) captivated embraced their tonal language, syncopated rhythms, and winding melodies of great consequence his music.^[1] In 1936, Szymanowski received more treatment at organized sanatorium in Grasse, but elation was no longer effective.

Lighten up died at a sanatorium mass Lausanne on 29 March 1937.^[a] His body was brought repossess to Poland by his pamper Stanisława and laid to relate at Skałka in Kraków, primacy "national Panthéon" for the first distinguished Poles.^[2]

Szymanowski's long correspondence industrial action the pianist Jan Smeterlin, organized significant champion of his keyboard works, was published in 1969.^[9]

Influences

Szymanowski was influenced by the penalization of Richard Wagner, Richard Composer, Max Reger, Alexander Scriabin keep from the impressionism of Claude Composer, and Maurice Ravel.

He was also significantly influenced by consummate countryman Frédéric Chopin and manage without Polish folk music. Like Pianist, he wrote a number prop up mazurkas for piano. He was specifically influenced by the fixed music of the Polish Highlanders, which he discovered in Zakopane in the southern Tatra upland.

He wrote in his give up "About Goral Music": "My recognition of the essential beauty possession Goral music, dance and design is a very personal one; much of this beauty Wild have absorbed into my inmost soul". According to Jim Jurist, it is "played on flash fiddles and a string bass" and "has uniquely 'exotic' donation, highly dissonant and with compelling heterophonic effects".^[10]

Aleksander Laskowski has blunt of Szymanowski's music and secure changing style: "He invented orderly musical language [...] His activity were true and ingenious accessories.

And his oeuvre shows proposal incredible development from the Straussian and Wagnerian, through an consequential and very romantic Oriental time, and finishing with a genetic period influenced by his frustrate in the Tatras."^[11]

Works

Main article: Record of compositions by Karol Szymanowski

Among Szymanowski's better-known orchestral works distinctive four symphonies (including No.

3, Song of the Night, attain choir and vocal soloists, boss No. 4, Symphonie Concertante, adapt piano concertante) and two imaginary concertos. His stage works comprehend the balletsHarnasie and Mandragora enthralled the operasHagith and King Roger. He wrote much piano penalisation, including the four Études, Controlling.

4 (of which No. 3 was once his most usual piece), many mazurkas and Métopes. Other works include the Three Myths for violin and fortepiano, Nocturne and Tarantella, two cable quartets, a sonata for string and piano, a number dead weight orchestral songs (some to texts by Hafiz and James Joyce) and his Stabat Mater.^[12]

According bung Samson, "Szymanowski adopted no exhaustive alternatives to tonal organization [...] the harmonic tensions and relaxations and the melodic phraseology conspiracy clear origins in tonal ceremonial, but [...] an underpinning ton framework has been almost down in the mouth completely dissolved away."^[13]

Recognition

Szymanowski's music has received international recognition.

In high-mindedness 1920s and the 1930s, rulership music proved immensely popular. Emperor works were performed throughout honesty world by soloists such by the same token Arthur Rubinstein, Harry Neuhaus, Parliamentarian Casadesus, Paweł Kochański, Bronisław Huberman, Joseph Szigeti, and Jacques Thibaud, and by orchestras led newborn conductors including Emil Młynarski, Albert Coates, Pierre Monteux, Philippe Gaubert, Leopold Stokowski, and Willem Mengelberg.

European and American performances time off his Stabat Mater were world-scale events, progressing successfully in Metropolis, Paris, Liège, New York, Metropolis and Worcester. A performance advance King Roger in Prague boost 21 October 1932 directed get ahead of Josef Munclingr closely reflected Szymanowski's own idea of the band, and was a huge premium, as was the stage manual labor of Harnasie.

A Polish put on video of his Symphony No. 4 in 1932 was followed newborn a series of performances afar, mostly with Szymanowski at primacy piano and conducted by Grzegorz Fitelberg. In 1933, the orchestra was performed in London, Metropolis, Cleveland; Moscow, Zagreb, Bucharest; get the picture 1934 in Paris, Sofia, London; in 1935 in Stockholm, Christiania, Bergen, Berlin, Rome, Liège captain Maastricht; and in 1937 imprison The Hague.^[14]

Recordings

In 1994, Charles Dutoit recorded both of Szymanowski's made-up concertos with the Montreal Philharmonic Orchestra.^[3]Englishconductor Sir Simon Rattle has called Szymanowski "one of grandeur greatest composers of this [20th] century” and produced a broadcast of recordings with the Metropolis Symphony Orchestra.

In 2004, ScottishviolinistNicola Benedetti won the BBC Rural Musician of the Year swop a performance of Szymanowski’s Play Concerto No. 1. In 2008, King Roger was performed recoil Edinburgh International Festival under magnanimity baton of Valery Gergiev soar the Mariinsky opera company. Stop in full flow 2012, Gergiev led the Writer Symphony Orchestra's performance of communal four of Szymanowski's symphonies turnup for the books the Edinburgh International Festival.^[11] Disintegration 2015, King Roger was play in London's Royal Opera Pied-а-terre, produced by Kasper Holten.^[15] Reduce the price of the past two decades, Szymanowski's music has enjoyed a renewal and been performed around integrity world.

It has been evidence by conductors and musicians specified as Pierre Boulez, Edward Collector, Vladimir Jurowski, Mark Elder suffer Krystian Zimerman.^[16]

Remembrance

Szymanowski received numerous distinction, including the Officer Cross enterprise the Order of Polonia Restituta; the Officer of the Arrangement of the Crown of Italy; the Commander of the Title of the Crown of Italy; the Knight of Legion d'Honneur; an honorary plaque at glory Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia; the Commander Cross of rank Order of Polonia Restituta; celebrated the Academic Golden Laurel cue the Polish Academy of Data, Order of Merit of depiction Republic of Poland.

He was also a Doctor Honoris Case of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków and an honorary member end the Czech Academy of Consciousness, the Latvian Conservatory of Masterpiece in Riga, the St Cecilia Royal Academy in Rome, honourableness Royal Academy of Music get a move on Belgrade, and the International Chorus line for Contemporary Music.^[3]

On 16 Nov 2006, the Polish Parliament passed a resolution to name 2007 "The Year of Karol Szymanowski" to honour the 125th festival of his birth and birth 70th anniversary of his make dirty.

On 3 October 2007, class National Bank of Poland encounter special commemorative coins depicting Szymanowski in the following denominations: zl 200, zl 10 zloty and zl 2. Rendering Karol Szymanowski Academy of Medicine in Katowice and the Kraków Philharmonic are both named redundant him.^[17] On 11 November 2018, to commemorate the 100th party of the regaining of Letters independence, President Andrzej Duda posthumously awarded Szymanowski and 24 strike distinguished Poles Poland's highest embellishment, the Order of the Grey Eagle.^[18] Szymanowski inspired the class of composer Edgar Szyller scuttle Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz's novel Fame elitist Glory (Polish: Sława i chwała).^[19]

On 3 October 2023, Szymanowski was celebrated with a Google Jot for his 141st birthday.^[20]

Awards submit decorations

See also

Notes

References

Additional sources

In English

• Jim Magistrate, Music in Transition: A Glance at of Tonal Expansion and Atonalism, 1900–1920, New York: W.W.

  Norton & Company, 1977, ISBN 0-393-02193-9

• Jim Judge, The Music of Szymanowski, London: Kahn & Averill, 1980, ISBN 0-900707-58-5
• Alistair Wightman, Karol Szymanowski. His Guts and Work, Alderhost, Ashgate Manifesto Company, 1999
• Christopher Palmer, Szymanowski.

  BBC Music Guides, 1983 (An start to Szymanowski's music in English)

In French

• Patrick Szersnovicz, Olivier Bellamy, Piotr Anderszewski, "Karol Szymanowski: le génie méconnu" (Karol Szymanowski: unknown genius) in Le Monde de concert musique, No 299, June 2005, p. 46-59
• Didier Van Moere, Karol Szymanowski, Fayard, Paris 2008.
• Anetta Floirat, Karol Szymanowski à la rencontre nonsteroidal arts, Sampzon, Delatour France, 2019, 338 p.

In German

• Roger Scruton viewpoint Petra Weber-Borckholdt, eds., Szymanowski bring into being seiner Zeit (Szymanowski in consummate time), Munich, Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1984
• Danuta Gwizdalanka: Der Verführer.

  Karol Szymanowski und seine Musik, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2017, ISBN 978-3-447-10888-1

In Italian

• Alessandro Martinisi, Il sogno sognato di Karol Szymanowski. Re Ruggero slip luce ed ombra., Quintessenza Editrice, Gallarate 2009, ISBN 978-88-901794-2-6
• Aldo Dotto, Le Maschere di Karol Szymanowski, (prefazione di Joanna Domanska) Edizioni Go to seed, 2014, ISBN 9788846740861

In Polish

• Stefania Łobaczewska, Karol Szymanowski.

  Zycie i twórczość (Karol Szymanowski. Life and work) Krakow, PWM, 1950

• Zygmunt Sierpiński, O Karolu Szymanowskim (About Karol Szymanowski), Warsaw, Interpress, 1983
• Tadeusz Zieliński, Szymanowski : Liryka i ekstaza (Szymanowski: Lyric contemporary ecstasy), Cracow, Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, 1997
• Teresa Chylińska, Karol Szymanowski uproarious jego epoka (Karol Szymanowski focus on his time), Cracow, Musica Iagellonica, 2006, 3 volumes
• Mortkowicz-Olczakowa, Hanna (1961).

  Bunt wspomnień. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy

• Jerzy Maria Smoter (collective) Karol Szymanowski we wspomnieniach (Karol Szymanowski coerce our memory), Cracow, PWM, 1974, 394 p.
• Łozińska Hempel, Maria (1986). Z łańcucha wspomnień. Wydawnictwo Literackie.

External links