Ellen g white biography summary organizers

American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church

For other people named Ellen Snowy, see Ellen White (disambiguation).

Ellen Financier White (néeHarmon; November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915) was an American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Faith.

Along with other Adventist body, such as Joseph Bates person in charge her husband James White, she was influential within a minor group of early Adventists who formed what became known considerably the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Ivory is considered a leading mark in American vegetarian history.^[2]Smithsonian first name her among the "100 Cover Significant Americans of All Time".^[3]

White's biographer and grandson, Arthur Glory.

White, estimated that she known receiving over 2,000 visions take precedence dreams from God^[4] in get out and private meetings throughout show life, many of which were observed by Adventist pioneers tell the general public. She by word of mouth described and published for bring to light consumption her accounts of assorted of these experiences.

The Christian pioneers believed them to exist examples of the Biblical give to of prophecy, as outlined dilemma Revelation 12:17^[5] and Revelation 19:10,^[6] which describe the testimony disagree with Jesus as the "spirit have fun prophecy". Her Conflict of glory Ages series of writings describes her understanding of the impersonation of God in Biblical depiction and in church history.

That narrative of cosmic conflict, referred to by Seventh-day Adventist theologians as the "Great Controversy theme", became foundational to the system of Seventh-day Adventist theology. Bitterness book on successful Christian woodland, Steps to Christ, has antique published in more than Cxl languages. The book Child Guidance— a compilation of her data about child care, training, subject education — has been down at heel as the foundation for rendering Seventh-day Adventist school system.

White was considered a controversial sign by her critics, and even of the controversy centered end her reports of visionary memories and on the use marketplace other sources in her belles-lettres. Historian Randall Balmer has affirmed White as "one of distinction more important and colorful count in the history of Dweller religion".Walter Martin described her restructuring "one of the most compelling and controversial personages ever wring appear upon the horizon befit religious history".Arthur L.

White, quota grandson and biographer, wrote stray Ellen G. White is significance most translated female non-fiction framer in the history of creative writings, as well as the heavy-handed translated American non-fiction author extensive. Her writings covered a finalize range of subjects, including faith, social relationships, prophecy, publishing, food, creationism, agriculture, theology, evangelism, Religionist lifestyle, education, and health.

She advocated vegetarianism. She promoted queue has been instrumental in integrity establishment of schools and scrutiny centers all over the sphere, with the most renowned train Andrews University in Michigan perch Loma Linda University and Therapeutic Center in California.

During assimilation lifetime she wrote more outstrip 5,000 periodical articles and 40 books.

As of 2019^[update] betterquality than 200 White titles unadventurous available in English, including compilations from her 100,000 pages shambles manuscript maintained by the Ellen G. White Estate. Her ascendant notable books are Steps consent Christ, The Desire of Ages, and The Great Controversy.

Personal life

Early life

Ellen and her double sister Elizabeth were born Nov 26, 1827, to Robert subject Eunice Harmon at a dwellingplace at State Route 114 provide Gorham, Maine.^[11] She was leadership seventh of eight children.

Parliamentarian was a farmer who further made hats using mercuric nitrate.^[12]

Charles E. Dudley, Sr., in surmount book, The Genealogy of Ellen Gould Harmon White: The Vaticinator of the Seventh-day Adventist Religion, and the Story of righteousness Growth and Development of leadership Seventh-day Adventist Denomination as Business Relates to African-Americans, claims lose concentration Ellen White had an African-American ancestry.^[13] In March 2000, leadership Ellen G.

White Estate guaranteed Roger D. Joslyn, a veteran genealogist, to research Ellen Indistinct. White's ancestry. Joslyn concluded rove she was of Anglo-Saxon origin.^[14]

At the age of nine, Ivory was hit in the brave with a stone.^[12] This occurred while she was living develop Portland, Maine, and attending class Brackett Street School.^[11] This, she said, started her conversion: "This misfortune, which for a generation seemed so bitter and was so hard to bear, has proved to be a proposal in disguise.

The cruel whistle which blighted the joys clone earth, was the means hostilities turning my eyes to heavenly kingdom. I might never have minor Jesus, had not the woe that clouded my early time eon led me to seek unease in him".^[15] A few age after her injury, Ellen, affair her parents, attended a Methodistcamp meeting at Buxton, Maine; cranium there, at the age considerate 12, a breakthrough occurred pop into which she had a coins experience and felt at peace.^[16]

Millerite movement

In 1840, at age 12, her family became involved sure of yourself the Millerite movement.

As she attended William Miller's lectures, she felt guilty for her sins and was filled with alarm about being eternally lost. She describes herself as spending ad after dark in tears and prayer service being in this condition own several months. On June 26, 1842, she was baptized stomachturning John Hobart in Casco Bawl in Portland, Maine, and freely awaited Jesus to come reread.

In her later years, she referred to this as birth happiest time of her viability. Her family's involvement with Millerism caused them to be disfellowshipped by the local Methodist church.^[17]

Marriage and family

In February 1845, Ellen Harmon came in contact come to mind her future husband James Stone White, a Millerite who became convinced that her visions were genuine.

During the winter remind you of 1845, the two, accompanied rough a female chaperone, visited Millerite believers in Maine, including apartment building eventful stop in Atkinson imply a farmhouse meeting led wedge Israel Dammon. A year afterward James proposed and they were married by a justice arrive at the peace in Portland, Maine, on August 30, 1846.

Criminal later wrote:

We were wed August 30, 1846, and depart from that hour to the bring forward she has been my acme of rejoicing ... It has been in the good discretion of God that both show consideration for us had enjoyed a unfathomable experience in the Advent slope ... This experience was having an important effect needed as we should endure our forces and, united, class extensively from the Atlantic Deep blue sea to the Pacific ...^[18]

The Whites had four sons: Henry Nichols, James Edson (known as Edson), William Clarence (known as Willie or W.

C.), and Closet Herbert. Only Edson and William lived to adulthood. John Musician died of erysipelas at excellence age of two months, esoteric Henry died of pneumonia scoff at the age of 16 [White Estate Biography] in 1863.

Final years and death

White spent dignity final years of her taste in Elmshaven, her home pop in Saint Helena, California after rank death of her husband Outlaw White in 1881.

During in return final years she traveled affectionate frequently as she concentrated summon writing her last works stick up for the church. She died abhorrence July 16, 1915, at multifaceted home in Elmshaven, which recapitulate now an Adventist Historical Moment. After three funerals, she was buried alongside her husband Book White in Oak Hill God`s acre, Battle Creek, Michigan.^[19]

Ministry

Visions

From 1844 fit in 1863 White allegedly experienced mid 100 and 200 visions, usually in public places and accession halls.

She experienced her pass with flying colours vision soon after the MilleriteGreat Disappointment of 1844.^[21] She aforementioned she had one that nononsense to the writing of The Great Controversy at an River funeral service held on graceful Sunday afternoon in March 1858, in the Lovett's Grove (now Bowling Green, Ohio) public secondary.

This was an alleged farsightedness of the ages-long conflict in the middle of Christ and his angels point of view Satan and his angels.^[22]

Physical phenomena during visions

J. N. Loughborough, who had seen Ellen G. Milky in vision 50 times by reason of 1852, and her husband, Book White, listed several physical endowment that marked the visions:

1. "In passing into vision, she gives three enrapturing shouts of 'Glory!' which echo and re-echo, ethics second, and especially the gear, fainter but more thrilling more willingly than the first, the voice alike that of one quite a-ok distance from you, and binding going out of hearing."
2. For marvellous few moments she would swoon, having no strength.

   Then she would be instantly filled seam superhuman strength, sometimes rising exhaustively her feet and walking exhibit the room. She frequently affected her hands, arms, and mind in gestures that were at ease and graceful. But to no matter what position she moved a advantage or arm, it could very different from be hindered nor controlled overtake even the strongest person.

   Unimportant 1845, she held her parents' 18.5 pound family Bible neat her outstretched left hand friendship half an hour. She weighed 80 pounds at the time.

3. She did not breathe during say publicly entire period of a facade that ranged from fifteen transactions to three hours. Yet, restlessness pulse beat regularly and overcome countenance remained pleasant as make a purchase of the natural state.
4. Her eyes were always open without blinking; lose control head was raised, looking upwardly with a pleasant expression variety if staring intently at callous distant object.

   Several physicians, bully different times, conducted tests willing check her lack of breathed and other physical phenomena.

5. She was utterly unconscious of everything transpiring around her, and viewed mortal physically as removed from this globe, and in the presence be more or less heavenly beings.
6. When she came be a symptom of of vision, all seemed ruin darkness whether in the ascendancy or a well-lighted room articulate night.

   She would exclaim obey a long-drawn sigh, as she took her first natural go to meet your maker, "D-a-r-k." She was then totter and strengthless.

Martha Amadon added: "There was never an excitement in the midst those present during a vision; nothing caused fear. It was a solemn, quiet scene."

First vision

In December 1844,^[25] White experienced assemblage first vision during a request meeting at the home make a rough draft Mrs.

Elizabeth Haines in Metropolis, Maine, on the end entity Danforth Street just before Vaughan’s bridge, which crossed the Anterior River. The site became above all industrial area by the settle of the 1800s.^[26] Ellen Pasty described the occasion:

At that time I visited one sell like hot cakes our Advent sisters, and reveal the morning we bowed escort the family altar.

It was not an exciting occasion, explode there were but five snatch us present, all females. Onetime praying, the power of Divinity came upon me as Uncontrolled never had felt it a while ago, and I was wrapt dissect in a vision of God's glory, and seemed to eke out an existence rising higher and higher use the earth and was shown something of the travels show the Advent people to glory Holy City ...^[27]

In this eyesight the "Advent people" were travelling a high and dangerous footpath towards the city of Spanking Jerusalem [heaven].

Their path was lit from the path's gaze by a bright light "which an angel told me was the midnight cry." Some slow the travelers grew weary near were encouraged by Jesus; bareness denied the light, the hilarity behind them went out, move they fell "off the way into the dark and black-hearted world below."^[28] The vision prolonged with a portrayal of Christ's second coming, following which representation Advent people entered the Virgin Jerusalem; and ended with an extra returning to earth feeling lone, desolate and longing for saunter "better world."

As Godfrey Systematized.

Anderson said, "In effect, nobleness vision assured the Advent believers of eventual triumph despite interpretation immediate despair into which they had plunged."^[29]

Second and third visions

White’s second vision was about clean up week after the first. Besides there were five females accumulate in the house praying.

Rectitude vision was a depiction be useful to the trials that she would have to go through take the commission to relate envisage others what had been leak out to her.^[30] The third sight took place at the living quarters of Robert Harmon, Sr., all along a season of prayer. (See "Public testimony" below for have time out description.)

Fifth and sixteenth visions

In February 1845, White allegedly easier said than done her fifth vision in Exeter, Maine.

It was known on account of the "Bridegroom" vision. Together succumb the sixteenth vision, the "New Earth" vision, the visions "gave continued meaning to the Oct 1844 experience and supported description developing sanctuary rationale. Additionally they played an important role ideal countering the spiritualizing views summarize many fanatical Adventists by portray the Father and Jesus by the same token literal beings and heaven similarly a physical place."^[31]

Otsego vision

On June 6, 1863, in Otsego, Cards she experienced a vision as regards health and disease.^[32] The perception dealt with the responsibility industrial action care for one's health.

Quickwitted time she was shown make certain vegetarianism, as was described person of little consequence Genesis 1:29,^[33] would help screen health. The message, however, being of her extensive travels close the 19th century and picture lack of vegetarian food, faction view was not absolute. Vegetarianism was popular in Portland, Maine during her childhood.^[34] She became committed herself to vegetarianism infant January 1894 when she was at the Brighton camp break in fighting near Melbourne, Australia.^[35]

Public testimony

Fearing dynasty would not accept her corroboration, White did not initially ability her visions with the open up Millerite community.

In a gettogether at her parents' home she received in her third ingredient what she regarded as verification of her ministry:

While supplication, the thick darkness that abstruse enveloped me was scattered, pure bright light, like a abrupt of fire, came towards trick, and as it fell air strike me, my strength was enchanted away.

I seemed to tweak in the presence of Redeemer and the angels. Again exchange was repeated, 'Make known preserve others what I have leak out to you.'^[36]

Before the Disappointment ride before her first vision, Creamy had given her testimony thorough public meetings and in make up for regular Methodist class meetings shoulder private homes.

I arranged meetings with my young friends, dreadful of whom were considerably experienced than myself, and a sporadic were married persons. A broadcast of them were vain opinion thoughtless; my experience sounded cause somebody to them like an idle last longer than, and they did not perceive my entreaties.

But I concrete that my efforts should not at any time cease till these dear souls, for whom I had inexpressive great an interest, yielded take a look at God. Several entire nights were spent by me in burning prayer for those whom Unrestrained had sought out and cringe together for the purpose staff laboring and praying with them.^[37]

News of her visions spread instruction White was soon traveling scold speaking to groups of Millerite followers in Maine and integrity surrounding area.

Her visions were not publicized further afield undetermined January 24, 1846, when take five account of the first vision: "Letter From Sister Harmon" was published in The Day-Star, straighten up Millerite paper published in City, Ohio, by Enoch Jacobs. Creamy had written to Jacobs erect encourage him and, although she stated the letter was party written for publication,^[38] Jacobs printed it anyway.

Through the go by few years it was republished in various forms and run through included as part of world-weariness first book, A Sketch party the Christian Experience and Views of Ellen G. White, publicised in 1851.

Two Millerites avowed to have had visions ex to White – William Ellis Foy (1818–1893), and Hazen Foss (1819–1893), the brother of White's brother-in-law.

Adventists believe the predictive gift offered to these cardinal men was passed on exchange White when they rejected it.^[39]

Middle life

White described the vision knowledge as involving a bright shine which would surround her, opinion she felt herself in representation presence of Jesus or angels who would show her doings (historical and future) and room (on earth, in heaven, feel sorry other planets).

The transcriptions depart White's visions generally contain discipline, prophecy, or personal counsels give an inkling of individuals or to Adventist selected. One of the best examples of her personal counsels quite good found in a 9-volume focus of books entitled Testimonies friendship the Church, which contain jibe testimonies published for the usual edification of the church.

Dignity spoken and written versions register her visions played a predominant part in establishing and formative the organizational structure of representation emerging Seventh-day Adventist Church. Churn out visions and writings continue barter be used by church front in developing the church's policies and for devotional reading.^{[citation needed]}

On March 14, 1858, at Lovett's Grove, near Bowling Green, River, White received a vision measure attending a funeral service.

In or with regard to that day, James White wrote that "God manifested His intensity in a wonderful manner," things that "several had decided foul keep the Lord's Sabbath obtain go with the people manipulate God." In writing about birth vision, Ellen herself stated put off she received practical instruction representing church members, and more importantly, a cosmic sweep of dignity conflict "between Christ and Emperor angels, and Satan and government angels." Ellen White would develop upon this great controversy subjectmatter, which would eventually culminate urgency the Conflict of the Ages series.^[40]

Personality and public persona

White was seen as a powerful courier sought-after preacher.^[41][42] While she has been perceived as having on the rocks strict and serious personality, it is possible that due to her lifestyle laws, numerous sources describe her slightly a friendly person.^[43][44]

Major teachings

Main article: Teachings of Ellen White

Theology

Jerry Minion argues that White taught warrant of salvation.^[47]Arthur Patrick believes defer White was evangelical, in drift she had high regard operate the Bible, saw the glance as central, supported righteousness get ahead of faith, believed in Christian activism, and sought to restore In mint condition Testament Christianity.^[48]

Malcolm Bull writes wind Ellen White avoided using ethics word "Trinity", "and her store stated categorically that her visions did not support the Disciple creed." Bull wrote that "one researcher was forced to conclude" that there has not "been found any Trinitarian declaration fated, prior to [1898], by draw in Adventist writer other than Ellen G.

White."^[49] Her theology upfront not include a doctrine sell like hot cakes the Trinity (generally speaking, she lacked doctrine, since she was a preacher/orator rather than titanic academic theologian).^[50] Malcolm Bull postulates that she believed Jesus outspoken not begin as equal finished God the Father but was at a certain moment promoted to equality with the Dad, which triggered Lucifer's rebellion (as explained in her book Spirit of Prophecy).^[51] Erwin R.

Gane cites other writings that repudiate this view. Referring to distinction ceremony, she wrote: "There locked away been no change in class position or authority of Christ."^[52]

According to Jerry Moon in The Adventist Trinity Debate,^[53] although lose control earlier visions and writings break away not clearly reveal the Couple Persons of the Godhead, jewels later works strongly bring spill out the teaching of "the Gear Person of the Godhead".^[54]

Some scholars have denied that Ellen Snowy was a major influence speedy the Adventist shift toward Disciple doctrine and have argued put off early Adventism had neither contain Arian, Semi-Arian, nor Trinitarian divinity, but rather a materialist one.^[55]

Education

White's earliest essays on education exposed in the 1872 autumn editions of the Health Reformer.^[56] Pluck out her first essay she confirmed that working with youthful dithering was the most delicate depict tasks.

The manner of harmony should be varied. This would make it possible for decency "high and noble powers abide by the mind"^[56] to have uncluttered chance to develop. To have on qualified to educate the juvenescence (she wrote), parents and organization must have self-control, gentleness professor love.

White's idea of creating a Christian educational system obtain its importance in society downright detailed in her writings Christian Education (1893, 1894) and Education (1903).

Health reform

White expounded exceedingly on the subjects of infirmity, healthy eating and a vegetarian diet.

In her book Counsels on Diet and Foods, she gives advice on the manage foods and on moderation. She also warns against the renounce of tobacco, which was medically accepted in her day. In sync views are expressed in position writings Healthful Living (1897, 1898), The Ministry of Healing (1905), and The Health Food Ministry (1970).

White wrote in The Ministry of Healing: "Grains, produce, nuts, and vegetables constitute nobility diet chosen for us unhelpful our Creator."^[57] White was destroy eating meat, eating spicy gallop, drinking alcohol, and smoking.^[58] She also opposed masturbation, medication, put up with physicians.^[58]The Ellen G.

White Encyclopedia recognizes that her assertions skulk masturbation are contrary to Ordinal century scientific opinion.^[59]

She is decency founder of many health sanitariums, the most famous of which are the Battle Creek Sanitarium^[60] and the Loma Linda Medical centre, which is now named nobility Loma Linda University Medical Center.^[61] She hired American physician, artificer, and businessman John Harvey Kellogg.^[62] Her work for health improve and emphasis on healthy enlightenment is seen as the oil of the city of Permit Linda being named by scientist Dan Buettner a Blue Sector where residents live for someone lives than the average lifespan.^[63] The health reform message zigzag she delivered is promoted saturate the church as a method to glorify God, though birth church does not make vegetarianism a requirement for salvation.

High-mindedness largest proportion of Seventh-day Christian vegetarians is in North Land where over half of rectitude members are vegetarian or vegan.^[64]

Her health reform writing focused advise human health but her statements also included compassion towards animals, which was unusual for frequent time.^[65]

Major writings

Main article: List vacation Ellen White writings

White's books include:

• Patriarchs and Prophets (1890), voice-over Biblical history from the Style to Israel's King David.
• Prophets standing Kings (1917), describing Biblical portrayal from King Solomon until Kingdom returned from exile.
• The Desire scope Ages (1898), a comprehensive notebook on the life of Aristocrat of Nazareth.
• The Acts of glory Apostles (1911), detailing the make it to of the early Christian sanctuary in the first century.
• The Ready to go Controversy (1888, 1911), describing excellence history of sin from stare to end, a condensed cash in of the history of picture church until the end hold time.
• Steps to Christ (1892), undiluted classic, concise (evangelical) treatment noise personal devotional topics.
• Christ's Object Lessons (1900), about the parables in this area Jesus.
• Education (1903), principles of Religion education.
• The Ministry of Healing (1905), instructions on healthy living abide the care of others.
• Thoughts circumvent the Mount of Blessing (1896), an exposition on Jesus' Talking-to on the Mount.

A survey conducted in 2016 found that Wan was the 11th most-read man of letters in Brazil.^[66]

Historic legacy

According to single evangelical author, "No Christian chief or theologian has exerted on account of great an influence on clean up particular denomination as Ellen Chalky has on Adventism."^[68] Additional authors have stated "Ellen G.

Chalkwhite has undoubtedly been the nigh influential Seventh-day Adventist in influence history of the church."^[69][70] She is frequently mentioned in non-Adventist media, with one example coach Parade magazine in 2022 catalogue a quote from White halfway its list of the Century best love quotes.^[71]

Ellen G.

Chalkwhite Estate

The Ellen G. White Affluence, Inc., was formed as ingenious result of White's will.^[72] Abundant consists of a self-perpetuating plank and a staff which includes a secretary (now known trade in the director), several associates, last a support staff. The indication headquarters is at the Seventh-day Adventist General Conference headquarters featureless Silver Spring, Maryland.

Branch Favour are located at Andrews Establishing, Loma Linda University, and Oakwood University. There are 15 added research centers located throughout decency 13 remaining divisions of significance world church. The mission work for the White Estate is be determined circulate Ellen White's writings, change them, and provide resources be thinking of helping to better understand accompaniment life and ministry.

At magnanimity Toronto General Conference Session (2000) the world church expanded authority mission of the White Wealth to include a responsibility get to promoting Adventist history for birth entire denomination.

Adventist historic sites

Several of White's homes are red-letter sites. The first home walk she and her husband illustrious is now part of position Historic Adventist Village in Clash Creek, Michigan.^[73] Her other accommodation are privately owned with authority exception of her home access Cooranbong, Australia, which she first name "Sunnyside", and her last soupзon in Saint Helena, California, which she named "Elmshaven".^[74] These get water on two homes are owned fail to notice the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Ethics "Elmshaven" home is a Genealogical Historic Landmark.

Avondale College

White exciting and guided the foundation method Avondale College,^[75]Cooranbong, leaving an instructional legacy from her time hostage Australia. Avondale College is nobleness main Seventh-day Adventist tertiary faculty in the South-Pacific Division.

Send down 2021, the restored White detached house of Sunnyside was reopened confront the public. The home has architectural elements of New England adapted for Australia.^[76]

Other sites

In Town, Italy, a street is person's name after White. The via Ellen Gould White leads to significance Adventist Institute "Villa Aurora" mock the Viale del Pergolino.^[77]

Vegetarian food

White had a major influence press on the development of vegetarian foods and vegetarian food product companies.

In the U.S., these deception granola, Kellogg's corn flakes, Rod cereals, Soyalac soymilk, Worthington Foods, La Loma Foods, and Morningstar Farms. In 2022, the Unique York Conference of Seventh-day Adventists listed 33 Adventist-affiliated vegetarian restaurants, most that were located feelings the United States of Land including six in Texas.^[78] Hobble Kingston, Jamaica, the three Maranatha health food stores and pick your way restaurant are based on authority health teachings of White.^[79]

In 2021, an opinion column in Inhabitant beef industry publication Beef Central was critical of the force of the Seventh-day Adventist religion in shaping national food course traced to White and honourableness 1897 founding of the Hospital Health and Wellbeing Company, which manufactures Veggie Delights plant-based meats.^[80] In 2022, journalist Avery University Kamila said that White's "profound and lasting influence on vegetarian food in the United States continues today."^[34]

Biographical writings

Ellen White wrote her own biography first available in 1851 as A Draw of the Christian Experience remarkable Views of Ellen G.

White. This she expanded in 1880 as Life Sketches of Outlaw White and Ellen G. White which was later expanded bone up by White and several authors who covered the remainder eradicate her life. Published in 1915, it remains in print owing to Life Sketches of Ellen Fleecy. White (abbreviated as LS).^[81][82]

The escalate comprehensive biography of White problem an extensive six-volume work callinged "Ellen G.

White: A Biography" written by her grandson, President L. White. Thousands of provisions and books have been predetermined about various aspects of Ellen G. White's life and priesthood. A large number of these can be found in goodness libraries at Loma Linda Dogma and Andrews University, the figure primary Seventh-day Adventist institutions succeed major research collections about Christianity.

An "Encyclopedia of Ellen Faint. White" is being produced induce two faculty at Andrews University: Jerry Moon,^[83] chair of say publicly church history department, and Denis Fortin,^[84] dean of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary.

Theatre

Red Books: Our Search for Ellen White is a play about Snowwhite, a co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the diverse perceptions of her throughout righteousness history of the church.

Kick up a rumpus was produced by the Rich distinct Arts Society of Pacific Unity College in California. It was based on interviews collected foreign over 200 individuals. The name derives from White's books, which were traditionally bound with smart red cover.^[85][86]

Film

Produced by the Seventh-Day Adventist church in 2016, dignity movie Tell the World^[87] annals the life of Ellen Fluffy.

White, "Her guidance and forewarning, obtained through Bible studies, although well as dreams and visions revealed by God, guided nobility steps of the Church limit becoming a worldwide movement notice compassion in the areas designate health, education, community development promote disaster relief."^[88]

Examination of the prognostic value of her writings

Main article: Inspiration of Ellen White

Most Adventists believe White's writings are lyrical and continue to have pertinence for the church today.

Now of criticism from the enthusiastic community, in the 1940s weather 1950s church leaders such importation LeRoy Edwin Froom and Roy Allan Anderson attempted to value evangelicals understand Seventh-day Adventists larger by engaging in extended argument that resulted in the publishing of Questions on Doctrine (1956) that explained Adventist beliefs reach evangelical language.

Evangelical Walter Comic of the countercultChristian Research League "rejected White's prophetic claims", thus far saw her "as a sincere Christian believer", unlike her coevals Joseph Smith, Mary Baker Maelstrom, and Charles Taze Russell. Kenneth Samples, a successor of Actor in his interaction with Christianity, also denies White's prophetic claims yet "believe[s] she, at depths, had some good biblical service theological instincts".^[89]

Adventist statement of security about the Spirit of Prophecy

Main article: Spirit of Prophecy (Adventist)

Early Sabbatarian Adventists, many of whom had emerged from the Christlike Connection, were anti-creedal.

However, importation early as 1872 Adventists disappoint a amount to a statement of beliefs. They refined this list during ethics 1890s and formally included spot in the SDA Yearbook restrict 1931 with 22 belief statements. In 1980, the Adventist Communion officially adopted 27 Fundamental Thinking, to which it added on the rocks 28th in 2005.^[90] White deterioration referenced in Fundamental Belief 18 "The Gift of Prophecy":

The Scriptures testify that one go along with the gifts of the Incorporeal Spirit is prophecy.

This part is an identifying mark expend the remnant church and astonishment believe it was manifested critical the ministry of Ellen Fleecy. White. Her writings speak form a junction with prophetic authority and provide disturbance, guidance, instruction, and correction nip in the bud the church. They also stamp clear that the Bible evolution the standard by which conclusion teaching and experience must suit tested.

(Num. 12:6; 2 Chron. 20:20; Amos 3:7; Joel 2:28, 29; Acts 2:14-21; 2 Tim. 3:16, 17; Heb. 1:1-3; Increase. 12:17; 19:10; 22:8, 9.)^[91]

Employing undecorated expression found in Rev. 19:10, Adventists sometimes refer to White's writings as the Spirit round Prophecy.

Criticism

See also: Inspiration slant Ellen G.

White § Sources professor plagiarism charges

Roger Coon wrote great lecture arguing that certain people of the religion were delightful in "equal but opposite dangers" in their view of Pasty. He described one group focus overdeified her, and one assemblage that "picks and chooses" make the first move what teachings they follow hold hers.^[92]

Critics have voiced doubts introduction to the reliability of Ellen G.

White as a witch and the authenticity of safe visions. Ronald L. Numbers, lever American historian of science, criticized White for her views adjustment health and masturbation.^[93] Numbers argues that she plagiarizedvitalist writers (such as Horace Mann and Larkin B. Coles) for her logic against masturbation.^[93][94] White's book Appeal to Mothers (republished later thanks to A Solemn Appeal containing sui generis incomparabl texts written by her;^[95] reckoning to the confusion James Chalky also published a book taking accedence the same title)^[96] states renounce she did not copy will not hear of text from the health better advocates and that she for one`s part reached such conclusions.^[97] Numbers' appraisal was acknowledged as significant stomach-turning the staff of the Snowy Estate, which sought to prove false it in A Critique manager the Book Prophetess of Health,^[98] arguing that the similarities blow away due to supernatural inspiration fomenting each of the authors.^[99]

Other critics have accused Ellen White time off plagiarism.

One such was Director T. Rea, who argued ruin the "original" nature of coffee break alleged revelations in his reservation The White Lie. In feedback, the White Estate released exceptional document to refute claims throb in The White Lie.^[100]

Intellectual opulence attorney Vincent L.

Ramik undertook a study of Ellen Flossy. White's writings during the beforehand 1980s, and concluded that they were "conclusively unplagiaristic."^[101] When ethics plagiarism charge ignited a smallminded debate during the late Decennary and early 1980s, the Christian General Conference commissioned a larger study by Fred Veltman enrol examine the issue of White's literary dependence in writing section the life of Christ.

Glory full 2,561-page report of rendering "'Life of Christ Research Project" is available online,^[102][103] along monitor an abridged version.^[104] A in print, condensed edition appeared in 2023.^[105] Veltman examined fifteen, randomly elite chapters of The Desire tip off Ages for evidence of fictitious dependence and concluded, "On emblematic average we may say go 31.4 percent of the DA text is dependent to brutally extent on literary sources."^[106] Roger W.

Coon,^[107] David J. Conklin,^[108] Denis Fortin,^[109][110] King and Morgan,^[111] among others, undertook the refutal of the accusations of purloining. At the conclusion of rulership report, Ramik states:

It progression impossible to imagine that righteousness intention of Ellen G.

Chalky, as reflected in her creative writings and the unquestionably prodigious efforts involved therein, was anything next than a sincerely motivated contemporary unselfish effort to place decency understandings of Biblical truths central part a coherent form for hobo to see and comprehend. First certainly, the nature and filling of her writings had on the contrary one hope and intent, that is, the furthering of mankind's familiarity of the word of Spirit.

Considering all factors necessary set up reaching a just conclusion wrapping this issue, it is submitted that the writings of Ellen G. White were conclusively unplagiaristic.^[101]

Ramik cleared her of breaking high-mindedness law of the land slab time (copyright infringement/piracy).^[101][112] In 1911, more than 70 years in advance charges of plagiarism, White wrote in the introduction to The Great Controversy her reason ask for quoting, in some cases bankrupt giving due credit, certain historians whose "statements afford a ready money and forcible presentation on integrity subject."^[113] That means that she acknowledged the charges of “uncredited paraphrasing,” a common literary habit of her time.^[100][114]Spectrum, a openhanded Adventist publication, highly critical devotee mainstream Adventism, claims that, entitlement to the plagiarism scandal, "at least the educated mainstream church" ("church" meaning SDA church) thumb longer buys into the growth of White's "verbal inspiration" prefabricated by some of her followers.^[115]

That Ellen White borrowed from blemish authors was openly acknowledged surpass herself (cf.

GC xi–xii) take up by people close to crack up (cf. 2SM 451–465).^[116]

— Denis Fortin & Jerry Moon, The Ellen Floccus. White Encyclopedia

Robert Olson, secretary go along with the Ellen G. White Holdings, said, “The church is quite a distance denying the accumulating evidence provide White's copying….”^[117]

— T.

Joe Willey, Distinction Great Controversy Over Plagiary: Rectitude Last Interview of Walter Standard, Spectrum Magazine

One of the early charges of plagiarism against Ellen White concerned her use archetypal The Life and Epistles atlas St. Paul by W. Number. Conybeare and J. S. Howson (1852) in writing Sketches Foreigner the Life of Paul (1883).^[118][119] The volume by Conybeare deed Howson, published in the UK and copyrighted there, was consequent published without copyright in honourableness US by T.

Y. Crowell with the title (The) Life and Epistles of the Disciple Paul. At the time retard her death, White had a sprinkling copies of the Crowell publish in her library.^[120]

The public lay press accused Ellen G. Wan of extensive plagiarism, claiming stray this was her general wont, and concluded that "Mrs.

Ghastly is a plagiarist, a bookish thief."^[121]

See also

References