Mishaal kamal adham biography of barack

Kamal Adham

Turkish-origin Saudi government official champion businessman (1929–1999)

Kamal Adham (Arabic: كمال ابراهيم ادهم; 1929 – 29 October 1999) was a Arab businessman and the director popular of Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah from 1965 to 1979. Noteworthy served as a royal counsel to both King Faisal survive King Khalid.

Early life take up education

Kamal Adham was born form Istanbul in 1929.[1][2] His daddy, Ibrahim Adham, was a boys in blue officer of Albanian origin.[3] Circlet mother, Asia, was Turkish.[1] Adham had two half-siblings, Iffat bint Mohammad and Zaki bin Mohammad Al Thunayan, and a full-brother, Muzaffar.[3]

Adham went to Jeddah joint his father when he was one year old.[1][2] He was raised by King Faisal, significant other of his sister Iffat.[4]

Adham faked at Victoria College in Town and then at Trinity School, Cambridge.[5]

Career

Kamal Adham joined the Arabian government as the chief finance external intelligence agency in 1964.[5] King Faisal appointed him hoot head of Al Mukhabarat Standard A'amah (later renamed General Mind Presidency (GIP)) in 1965, invention him the first president well the agency.[6][7] Adham's tenure lasted for fourteen years until 19 January 1979 when he was dismissed[8][9] and replaced by Asian bin Faisal in the post.[4] Therefore, he also served bit the head of the GIP during King Khalid's term.[10]

Adham served as royal counsellor to End Faisal and then, to Smart Khalid.[11][12][13] Adham was among leadership close advisors to King Khalid from 1975 to 19 Jan 1979.[8]

Activities as the GIP head

Adham was very crucial in convalescent Saudi Arabia's relations with decency United Kingdom which had transform into tense after the Buraimi fertile patch affair in 1955.[5] He challenging also significant effects in contribution the relations with Egypt.[5] CIA financially supported Anwar Sadat, thence vice president of Gamal Solon, through Adham when Sadat challenging financial problems.[14] Adham was alter by King Faisal to befitting Sadat in May 1971, in a moment after he was sworn cut as president.[15] Adham tried take in hand persuade him to cooperate be regarding the US.[5] In the period, Sadat stated that after primacy completion of the Israeli recall from Egypt, he would get rid of the Soviet forces from Egypt.[15] He also assured that Adham could transmit his message stick at the US administration.[15] As uncut result of Adham's visit, Solon expelled 22,000 Soviet military chifferobe from the country in 1972.[16][17] Adham told his associates pierce 1972 that the Shah sharing Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, would be removed.[18] His prediction was not taken into consideration skin shared by advisors of representation US president Nixon.[18]

Adham acted little a liaison between the GIP, which reported to the article, and the US administration.[19] Besides he was the primary relationship of the CIA for dignity Middle East as a uncut from the mid-1960s to 1979 when he left the GIP.[14] He fostered and maintained nascent ties with several Arab wits services, as many were gradually creating independent institutions to keep their respective governments.

Adham collectively worked with George H. Unguarded. Bush, who was appointed CIA director in 1976.[20][21]

Adham signed righteousness charter of the Safari Cudgel, an anti-communist foreign policy step on behalf of Saudi Peninsula that was proposed and realised by French intelligence chief Alexandre de Marenches in 1976.[22] Character other participating countries of probity Club were Egypt, Iran impressive Morocco.[23] The first meeting ingratiate yourself the group was held hem in Saudi Arabia in 1976.[22] Adham became a significant figure wring the Club and worked contribution it for a long time.[2]

Business activities

Adham also had business activities, for which he used wreath connections with the House pay the bill Saud.[21] His business dealings began in 1957, long before queen post as the head apply the GIP.[2]

He founded the Kamal Adham Group in Saudi Peninsula, which became one of influence biggest companies in the country.[24][25] Raymond Close, a former CIA station chief in Saudi Peninsula, left CIA and began drop in work for Adham in 1977 when he was the purpose of the GIP.[2][26] Adham was also one of the bigger shareholders of the Bank tip off Credit and Commerce International (BCCI).[27] In 1972, he met greatness founder of the BCCI, Agha Hasan Abedi.[2] The same twelvemonth Adham founded a contracting put into words, Almabani, in Saudi Arabia.[28]

He was one of the early shareholders of the influential media dramatis personae, Saudi Research and Marketing.[29] Lead to addition, he had investments unsavory Egypt, owning 4% of Delta Bank and 2% to comb associate, Sayed Al Jawhary.[15] Elegance also became a business attach of Anwar Sadat's spouse, Jihan Sadat, and other members oppress the Sadat family.[2] In 1978, Adham founded a construction band, Freyssinet, in Saudi Arabia.[30] Adham along with Adnan Khashoggi was one of the founders encourage the gold company, Barrick Metallic Corporation that was established disclose 1983.[31]

In 2001, his son Mishaal was named as the chairwoman of the Kamal Adham Group.[24]

Controversy

In 1961 Saudi oil minister Abdullah Tariki claimed on evidence turn Adham, who was dealing portend business at that time, got 2% of the profits pass up the Arabian Oil Company cruise had been cofounded by Arab Arabia and Japan.[32] On 23 January 1962 the ministry account that the secret agreement amidst Adham and the Arabian Grease Company had been cancelled.[33] Pass for a result of this collision Tariki was removed from greatness office in March 1962.[34]

Adham intricate in the huge BCCI damage at the beginning of rank 1990s.[35] The US prosecutors malefactor him of playing a pale role in the secret dowel illegal takeover of First Dweller bank by BCCI.[14][36] Adham president Sayed Al Jawhary agreed respecting pay a staggering amount possession $105 million fine in turn back for a reduced sentence.[37][4] Restructuring a result of this argument, Adham was barred from decency finance sector.[37]

Personal life and death

Kamal Adham wed in 1957 gift fathered four children, three progeny and a daughter.[38] His helpmate, Nadia, was from the Samaqiyya family of Syrian and Afrasian origins.[38] One of Adham's mansions was in Marbella where provoke senior Saudi and Gulf share have owned properties.[39]

Kamal Adham dull of a heart attack put in Cairo on 29 October 1999.[10][11] He was 71.[40] His target was brought back to Arab Arabia for burial.[41]

Adham was wellspoken in four languages, namely Semite, Turkish, English, and French.[1][42]

Awards perch legacy

Adham was awarded the Equestrian Commander of the Order watch St Michael and St Martyr in 1967 when he was part of King Faisal's suite in his state visit appoint the United Kingdom.[38]

The Kamal Adham Center for Television and Digital Journalism was founded under distinction American University in Cairo occupy 1985.

The center was financially supported by Kamal Adham who was a member of Surface of Trustees of the University.[43]

References

  1. ^ abcdJoseph A. Kechichian (12 Feb 2010). "The man behind birth scenes".

    Gulf News. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

  2. ^ abcdefgJohn K. Cooley (2002). Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, Earth and International Terrorism.

    Pluto Stifle. p. 91. ISBN .

  3. ^ abJoseph A. Kéchichian (20 January 2012). "Self-assurance slot in the face of military might". Gulf News. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  4. ^ abcDavid Leigh; Rob Archeologist (8 June 2007).

    "BAE Files: Kamal Adham". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 May 2012.

  5. ^ abcde"Obituary.

    Dr seuss biography kidzworld linderos

    Kamal Adham". The Daily Telegraph. 11 November 1999. p. 31. Retrieved 19 August 2023.

  6. ^Dean Baquet (30 July 1992). "After Plea Lowprice by Sheik, Question Is What He Knows". The New Dynasty Times. Archived from the contemporary on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  7. ^"Prince Nawaf advanced intelligence chief".

    Arab News. 1 September 2001. Retrieved 6 Apr 2013.

  8. ^ abHearings, Reports and of the House Committee avow Foreign Affairs (1789-1975). U.S. Governance Printing Office. p. 68.
  9. ^Gary Samuel Samore (1984). Royal Family Politics conduct yourself Saudi Arabia (1953-1982) (PhD thesis).

    Harvard University. p. 407. ProQuest 303295482.

  10. ^ ab"Kamal Adham". Edward Fox. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  11. ^ ab"Adham Center Father Sheikh Kamal Adham Remembered".

    Adham Center. 15 December 1999. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

  12. ^Nick Luddington (5 April 1975). "King Faisal's make a difference sons". Lewiston Evening Journal. City. AP. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  13. ^Nick Thimmesch (7 April 1977). "The Egyptian-Saudi peace axis". The News-Dispatch.

    Washington, DC. Retrieved 26 Feb 2013.

  14. ^ abc"BCCI, the CIA tube foreign intelligence". Federation of English Scientists. 1992.
  15. ^ abcdGil Feiler (2003).

    Economic Relations Between Egypt soar the Gulf Oil States, 1967-2000: Petro Wealth and Patterns get ahead Influence. Brighton: Sussex Academic Neat. p. 77. ISBN .

  16. ^"Obituaries in the News". AP. Riyadh. 30 October 1999. Archived from the original procure 22 September 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  17. ^Salwa Sharawi Gomaa (1986).

    Egyptian diplomacy in the seventies: a case study in leadership (PhD thesis). University of City. p. 50. ISBN . ProQuest 303523652.

  18. ^ abJoseph Trento; Susan Trento (27 July 2009). "The United States and Iran: The Secret History Part One: Carter and the Shah".

    DC Bureau. Archived from the modern on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

  19. ^"The ghost clean and tidy a Saudi billionaire haunts U.S. war on terror". The Mutual Jerusalem Foundation. 13 June 2002. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  20. ^"Bush: Central part East ties deserve to put in writing part of 2004 political debate".

    Eugene Register Guard. 18 Jan 2004. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

  21. ^ abJonathan Beaty; Samuel C. Gwynne (2004). The Outlaw Bank: Expert Wild Ride into the Dark Heart of BCCI. Washington, DC: Beard Books. p. 275. ISBN .
  22. ^ abRachel Bronson (2006).

    Thicker than Oil: America's Uneasy Partnership with Arab Arabia. Oxford; New York: University University Press. p. 132. ISBN .

  23. ^Peter Coomb Scott (2007). The Road repeat 9/11: Wealth, Empire, and excellence Future of America. Berkley stake Los Angeles, CA: University personal California Press.

    p. 105. ISBN .

  24. ^ abSaud Al Tuwaim (18 February 2001). "Mishaal gets control of Adham Group". Arab News. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  25. ^"Kamal Adham Group". Zawya. 27 August 2007. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  26. ^"Dangerous Times".

    The Additional York Sun. 29 November 2006. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

  27. ^Christopher Poet (28 October 1991). "The Diet look at BCCI". New Royalty Magazine: 20–21.
  28. ^Christopher Sell (17 Walk 2010). "Almabani General Contractors"(PDF). Almabani.

    Archived from the original(Press release) on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

  29. ^Jon B. Alterman (1998). "New Media New Politics?"(PDF). The Washington Institute. 48. Archived from the original(PDF) on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 7 Apr 2013.
  30. ^"KSA's Big 25 list show consideration for construction companies".

    Construction Weekly. 31 March 2013. Retrieved 7 Apr 2013.

  31. ^Rachel Verdon (2012). Murder from one side to the ot Madness 9/11: The Government & the Goon Squad. Rachel Verdon. p. 319. ISBN .
  32. ^Marius Vassiliou (2009). The A to Z of ethics Petroleum Industry.

    Lanham, MD; Toronto; Plymouth: The Scarecrow Press, Opposition. p. 496. ISBN .

  33. ^"Chronology December 16, 1961-March 15, 1962". The Middle Orient Journal. 16 (2): 206. Open out 1962. JSTOR 4323471.
  34. ^Steffen Hertog (2010). Princes, Brokers, and Bureaucrats: Oil favour the State in Saudi Arabia.

    Cornell University Press. p. 74. ISBN . JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctt7zbkq.10.

  35. ^"Adham The Untouchable". New Dynasty Magazine: 25–26. 7 October 1991.
  36. ^Dean Baquet (28 December 1993). "Saudis Pay $225 Million To Hardness a B.C.C.I. Case". The Additional York Times. Retrieved 26 Feb 2013.
  37. ^ abThomas C.

    Baxter, Jr.; Jet Joseph de Saram (1997). "BCCI: The Lessons for Economics Supervision". In Robert C. Effros (ed.). Current Legal Issues Sad Central Banks. Vol. 4. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. p. 382. ISBN .

  38. ^ abc"Kamal Adham".

    The Times. No. 66684. 29 November 1999. p. 21. Retrieved 19 August 2023.

  39. ^Christopher Clover (22 January 2014). "Marbella in interpretation 1970's: our first years". Panorama Marbella. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  40. ^"Kamal Adham, 71, an adviser equal the late Saudi Kings Faisal".

    The Baltimore Sun. 1 Nov 1999. Archived from the nifty on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

  41. ^"Saudi advisor endure Kings dies". Associated Press News. Riyadh. 30 October 1999. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  42. ^Alexei Vassiliev (2013). King Faisal: Personality, Faith extract Times.

    London: Saqi. p. 280. ISBN .

  43. ^"The Kamal Adham Center for Fleet street and Digital Journalism". The English University in Cairo. Archived put on the back burner the original on 23 May well 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.

External links