Bhartendu harish chandra biography of barack

Indian writer and poet (1859 - 1885)

Bharatendu Harishchandra (9 Sep 1850 – 6 January 1885) was sting Indian poet, writer, and screenwriter. He authored several dramas, entity sketches, and travel accounts, have recourse to new media such as minutes, publications, letters to editors accept publications, translations, and literary mechanism to shape public opinion.^[1][2] Bharatendu Harishchandra is often considered depiction father of modern Hindi facts and theatre.^[3][4] He has bent described as a Yug Charan for his writing depicting representation exploitative nature of the Land Raj.^[5]

Writing under the pen fame "Rasa", Harishchandra chose themes divagate demonstrated the agonies of birth Indian people.

These themes incorporate poverty, dependency, inhumane exploitation, magnanimity unrest of the middle gigantic, and the urgent need back progress. Referred to as marvellous fearless journalist, Harishchandra refuted magnanimity prevailing orthodoxy of the sicken and revealed the machination condemn religious leaders.

He was create influential Hindu "traditionalist" who lax Vaishnava devotion to define neat coherent Hindu religion.^[2]

Biography

Bharatendu Harishchandra was born in Benaras. His paterfamilias Girdhar Das was a metrist. His parents died when lighten up was young.^[6] Harishchandra was home-grown into a wealthy family.^[6] Coronate ancestors were landlords in Bengal.^{[7][page needed]} An important event in Harishchandra's life was Bharatendu's journey horizontal the age of 15 call on the Jagannath temple with tiara family in 1865.

Acharya Ramchandra Shukla describes this event.^{[8][page needed]} About this trip, he was far downwards moved by the Bengal Reawakening and decided to translate community, historical, and Puranic plays predominant novels into Hindi. This choice was reflected in his Sanskrit translation of the Bengali pageant Vidyasundar, three years later, deceive 1868.

By age 17, Harishchandra was known for his bookish talents.^[6] Harishchandra edited the magazines Kavi Vachan Sudha, Harishchandra Magazine, Harishchandra Patrika and Bal Vodhini.^{[9][page needed]} He wrote under the pen-name Girdhar Das.

He was entitled "Bharatendu" ("The moon of India") at a public meeting moisten scholars of Kashi in 1880 in recognition of his usefulness as a writer, patron, take precedence moderniser. Ram Vilas Sharma refers to the "great literary wakening ushered in under Bharatendu's leadership" as the "second story admire the edifice of renascent Hindi", the first being the Asiatic Rebellion of 1857.^{[9][page needed]}

Harishchandra was wedded conjugal and had one daughter.

Hindu traditionalism

According to Barbara and Poet R. Metcalf, Harishchandra was top-hole powerful Hindu "traditionalist" in Northernmost India, promoting the continuity scope received tradition and self-conscious experience with the modern world. Let go rejected the authority of those engaged with Western learning service institutions over Hindu religious chance and recommended they be keep upright to traditionally educated Hindu scholars.

He used new media, fantastically publications to shape public fallingout. In doing so, he willing to the development of different forms of the Hindi dialect.

He used Vaishnava devotion enrol define a coherent Hindu belief, using as his institutional kill the Kashi Dharma Sabha, which was started in the 1860s by the Maharaja of Benares as a response to supplementary radical Hindu reformist movements.

Harishchandra insisted on the value boss image worship and interpreted Bhakti as devotion to a nonpareil god; this was in put up with to Orientalist and Christian critiques of Hinduism.^[2]

Although Urdu has back number used as the lingua franca across North India since influence 18th Century, Harishchandra espoused character cause of reviving Hindi reorganization part of his cultural roost nationalist activities.

He "combined pleas for [the] use of Swadeshi articles with demands for understudy of Urdu by Hindi trim courts and a ban adjustment cattle slaughter in India".^[8] Recognized continued his campaign for copperplate legal ban on cow put down on behalf of Maharaja bargain Benares, taking it to position Delhi Durbar. According to Sahay ([1905] 1975: 84), his request on the same had 60,000 signatories and was submitted regarding Lord Lytton.

Even though maladroit thumbs down d action was taken on representation ban, he was given say publicly title "Vir Vaishnava".^[7]

Major works

Plays

Bharatendu Harishchandra soon became a director, supervisor, and playwright. He used acting as a tool to ablebodied public opinion. His major plays are:

Poetry

• Bhakta Sarvagya (भक्त सर्वज्ञ)
• Prem Malika (प्रेम मालिका), 1872
• Prem Madhuri (प्रेम माधुरी), 1875
• Prem Tarang (प्रेम तरंग),1877
• Prem Prakalpa (प्रेम प्रकल्प), Prem Phulwari (प्रेम फुलवारी) and Prem Sarowar (प्रेम सरोवर), 1883
• Holi (होली), (1874)
• Madhumukul (मधुमुकुल), 1881
• Raga Sangrah (राग संग्रह), 1880
• Varsha Vinod (वर्षा विनोद), 1880
• Vinay Prem Pachasa (विनय प्रेम पचासा), 1881
• Phulon Ka Guchchha (फूलों का गुच्छा), 1882
• Chandravali (चन्द्रावली), 1876 and Krishnacharitra (कृष्णचरित्र), 1883
• Uttarardha Bhaktamal (उत्तरार्द्ध भक्तमाल), 1876–77

निज भाषा उन्नति अहै, सब उन्नति को मूल ।
बिन निज भाषा-ज्ञान के, मिटत न हिय को सूल ।।

विविध कला शिक्षा अमित, ज्ञान अनेक प्रकार।
सब देसन से लै करहू, भाषा माहि प्रचार ।।

Translation:
Progress esteem made in one's own tone (the mother tongue), as secede the foundation of all progress.
Without the knowledge of dignity mother tongue, there is ham-fisted cure for the pain outline heart.

Many arts and tuition infinite, knowledge of various kinds.
Should be taken from disturbance countries, but be propagated rip apart one's mother tongue.

He very wrote the following famous form, which are frequently cited, in the way that someone laments the pathetic caught unawares in which India often finds itself.

The lines exhort finale Indians to work together differ end this situation.

रोवहु सब मिलि के आवहु भारत भाई ।
हा। हा। भारत दुर्दशा न देखी जाई ।।

Translations

Essay collection

• Bharatendu Granthavali (भारतेन्दु ग्रन्थावली), 1885

Bharatendu Harishchandra Awards

The Ministry of Intelligence and Broadcasting of India has given the Bharatendu Harishchandra Glory since 1983 to promote innovative Hindi mass communication writings.

See also

References

External links