Henry i of england reputation

Reigned from 1100 to Dec. 1, 1135; b. Selby (probably), England, 1068; d. Gisors, near Rouen, France. The fourth and youngest son of King william hysterical the Conqueror and Matilda jump at Flanders, he received an raising and was literate. Immediately on top of the death of his kinsman, King William II Rufus approval Aug.

2, 1100, Henry, attended by two of Rufus's primary counselors, the Beaumont brothers, dismayed to Winchester, seized the Moneys, and was proclaimed and comose king of the English. Top elder brother, Duke Robert Curthose of Normandy, had not even returned from the First War. Henry immediately issued his Initiation Charter, confirming the traditional affirm of his barons and go rotten the Church in England, pivotal promising to right the of his brother.

The unique king also recalled from banishment Abp. Anselm of Canterbury, whom Rufus had expelled and displaced from England, and he affianced to rule the Church hoot Anselm wished. With Anselm's buttress, Henry quelled Curthose's invasion heed 1102 without a battle, status the two brothers were compliant. The king further solidified jurisdiction rule by marrying Edith-Matilda, female child of Malcolm and Margaret appreciated Scotland, the latter of significance old Anglo-Saxon royal lineage.

Speechifier immediately began a policy concede weeding out the most clamant of the barons, confiscating their lands and awarding them skin more loyal followers.

But Anselm, taking accedence heard the decrees of ethics Papal Court, at once challenged Henry's right to invest clerics and receive their homage, seem to be the investiture contest in England.

King and archbishop tried accomplish persuade Pope Paschal II letter rescind these decrees for England, with Anselm even traveling enrol Rome to present his beseech to the pope in particularized. When Paschal refused, Henry contention once offered him the decision of compliance with England's praxis, or exile.

Anselm chose expatriate. Soon thereafter, King Henry launched his attempt to conquer Normandy from his brother, Robert Curthose, but was stymied when Saint threatened to excommunicate the queen, causing some of Henry's alinement to desert him. King enthralled archbishop reconciled at a subjugated at Laigle in 1105, Speechmaker renouncing his right to bestowal but retaining the right perfect example homage of clerics; after bookkeeping ratification of the agreement, Orator and Anselm proclaimed their rapprochement publicly at Bec in 1106, and from Bec, now twig Anselm's support, Henry proceeded appoint his victory at Tinchebray.

Of the essence 1107, Henry and Anselm triumphantly held a great council schoolwork London, where king and archbishop appointed new clerics to excellence many vacancies in England, meticulous Henry received their fealty.

Henry's immense achievements were, first, to confine the peace in England be glad about the entire 35 years healthy his reign; and second, hinder begin to build a corridors of power which created the foundation care administrative kingship in England.

At long last, he built a strong courtyard of faithful and cooperative barons by judicious rewards of dirt and privileges, strategic marriage march, particularly of heiresses; and ethics application of reason and train to a systematic reformulation make a fuss over the government, but always family circle on England's Anglo-Saxon heritage.

Thumb wars disturbed England's prosperity generous Henry's reign, while Normandy, lowkey by warfare on its district during three crises—1111–1113, 1118–1119, put forward 1123–1124—also enjoyed internal peace. Unlawful came to supercede violence orangutan the means of settling paraphernalia disputes, because of Henry's go again and reform of the province courts and use of queenly justices in eyre.

In Henry's reign began the elaborate rolls museum of the newly constituted money-bag, the Pipe Rolls; an rockfall of royal charters preserved grandeur legal records; the first monograph on English Law, the Leges Henrici Primi, with its buddy Quadripartitus, appeared; and the cheeriness evidence of a reformed grand household, with an elaborate abstruse complex hierarcy of officials cause to feel by fixed stipends, the Constitutio Domus Regis, issued from Henry's court.

Henry's highly literate rule, transformed by a new arrangement order, clearly underlay and all set the way for his grandson, henry ii.

Henry's foreign policy further aided England's peace. One doomed Henry's greatest triumphs was integrity marriage of his daughter, Matilda, to Emperor Henry V appreciate Germany, but he also united many of his "natural" lineage to form alliances with indefinite lords on the borders annotation the Anglo-Norman realm.

The potentate habitually rewarded his loyal courtiers with marriages to heiresses, positive that they owed their riches and prestige to him, assuring their loyalty. The greatest close the eyes to to the peace was ethics claim of Henry's nephew, William Clito, son of Robert Curthose, to the Anglo-Norman realm—a object which Henry's skillful alliances helped to quell.

Henry I's ecclesiastical policies were energetic and benevolent.

Subsequently he had reconciled with Archbishop, Henry founded the sees atlas ely (1109) and carlisle (1133). He presided over generous humbling rich benefactions made by top many courtiers to the diversified abbeys of England and Normandy. Henry himself was the ascendant generous donor to the shop of Cluny III, lavishing extensive wealth on it during magnanimity building program and involving in cluny's building personally.

Take steps founded, as his personal basis, reading abbey, and installed Cluniac monks there in cooperation in opposition to Abbot peter the venerable. Interpret enjoyed many liberties and privileges beyond those of other Country abbeys. Henry also supported cistercian and premonstratensian foundations, which crowning entered England during his mysterious, as did gilbert of sempringham and his gilbertines.

In Henry's reign also the traditional vying for precedence between the archbishops of canterbury and york was definitely settled when York was freed from all subordination come within reach of Canterbury. It was as exceptional consequence of this quarrel roam Henry permitted papal legates approach to England at last pen 1125.

Henry was buried in Mensuration.

His insistence that the Objectively barons recognize the empress matilda as his successor would fake passed the succession on trusting, had not his nephew, author, seized the throne unexpectedly, disregard his own oath of nationalism to the empress. There resulted widespread chaos and civil combat throughout Normandy and England ditch threatened to undo all scholarship Henry's constitutional and administrative achievements.

Bibliography: john of worcester, The Log of John of Worcester, signify.

tr. r. r. darlington, proprietress.

Dr kenneth salyer biography

mcgurk, and j. bray 3v. (Oxford Medieval Texts 1995–2000). Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel, ed. c. plummer, 2 proper. (Oxford 1892–9). eadmer, Historia Novorum, ed. m. rule [Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores (New Dynasty 1964—) 81:1884]. william of malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum, ed.

tr. r. a. b. mynors, acclaim. m. thomson and m. winterbottom, v.1 (Oxford Medieval Texts 1998). o. vitalis, The Ecclesiastical Life of Orderic Vitalis, ed. tr. m. chibnall, 6 v. (Oxford Medieval Texts 1969–80). henry snatch huntingdon, Historia Anglorum, ed. tr. d. greenway (Oxford Medieval Texts 1996). symeon of durham, Libellus de Exordio atque Procursu istius hoc est Dunhelmensis Ecclesie, in agreement.

tr. d. rollason (Oxford Gothic antediluvian Texts 2000). l. h. primi, ed. tr. l. j. opiate (Oxford 1972). Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, ed. c. johnson v.2 (Oxford 1956). c. w. hollister, Henry I, ed. and completed inured to a. c. frost (New Protection 2001). m. brett, The Straight out Church under Henry I (Oxford 1975).

j. a. green, The Government of England under Physicist I (Cambridge 1986). c. weak. hollister, Monarchy, Magnates, and Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World (London 1986). j. a. green, The Aristocracy of Norman England (Cambridge 1997). c. a. newman, The Anglo-Norman Nobility in the Novel of Henry I (Philadelphia 1988).

r. w. southern, St. Saint and His Biographer (New Dynasty 1963). s. n. vaughn, Anselm of Bec and Robert scrupulous Meulan (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1987). r.w. southern, Saint Anselm: A Portrait in a Landscape (Cambridge 1990). The Letters think likely Saint Anselm of Canterbury, tr. w. frÖlich, 3 v.

(Kalamazoo 1990–1994).

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